Unit 15 Past perfect (I had done)

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Sometimes we talk about something that happened in the past: Sarah arrived AT the party. This is the starting point of the story.
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Then, if we want to talk about things that happened before this time, we use the past perfect (had...): When Sarah arrived at the party, Paul had already gone home.
Who is that woman? I’ve never seen her before.
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I didn’t know who she was. I’d never seen her before. (=before that time)
We aren’t hungry. We’ve just had lunch.
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We weren’t hungry. We’d just had lunch.
The house is dirty. They haven’t cleaned it for weeks.
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The house was dirty. They hadn’t cleaned it for weeks.
Was tom at the party when you arrived? No, he had already gone home.
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But: Was Tom there when you arrived? Yes, but he went home soon afterwards.
Ann wasn’t at home when I phoned. She was in London.
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But: Ann had just got home when I phoned. She had been in London.

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