→ Moja Lekcja → Empezar lección / Descargar tarjetas en MP3

término		definición
booklet empezar lección		small thin book with a soft cover, often giving information about something
novel empezar lección		a long written story about imaginary or partly imaginary characters and events
forecast empezar lección		a prediction of the future
broadcast empezar lección		transmission
bulletin empezar lección		a short news broadcast
coverage empezar lección		news about something on television or radio or in the newspapers
edition empezar lección		version, specific issue
mass media empezar lección		Forms of communication, such as newspapers and radio, that reach millions of people.
campaign empezar lección		A series of actions intended to accomplish a goal
brochure empezar lección		small, thin book like a magazine, which gives information, often about travel, or a company, etc.
subliminal messages empezar lección		Words or pictures that are not consciously perceived but may nevertheless influence people's judgments, attitudes, and behaviors
to negate empezar lección		to deny
glued to empezar lección		Giving all his attention to
sensationalize empezar lección		to write or talk about an event in a way that makes it seem as exciting and shocking as possible
on average empezar lección		not special or unusual; oridinary
increasingly empezar lección		more and more
fiction empezar lección		A story that is not true or is made up
illegible empezar lección		difficult to read
gist empezar lección		the main point/idea
unprintable empezar lección		too offensive or shocking to be published
literature empezar lección		written works, especially those considered of superior or lasting artistic merit.
shorthand empezar lección		a quick way of writing that uses symbols to represent letters, words, or phrases, used especially when you write what someone is saying as they are talking
illiterate empezar lección		unable to read or write
prose empezar lección		written language in its ordinary form rather than poetry
manuscript empezar lección		the original copy of a book or article before it is printed
outline empezar lección		the main shape or edge of something, without any details
reporting empezar lección		articles in newspapers or on television about particular subjects
circulation empezar lección		the number of copies of a newspaper or magazine that are sold every day, week, or month (nakład)
out of print empezar lección		no longer available to buy because new copies are no longer being produced
correspondent empezar lección		a person employed by a newspaper, a television station, etc. to report on a particular subject or send reports from a foreign country
journalist empezar lección		a person who writes news stories or articles for a newspaper or magazine or broadcasts them on radio or television
output empezar lección		the amount of something produced by a person, machine, or industry
publication empezar lección		a published work
banning empezar lección		the act of forbidding something
censorship empezar lección		the banning of printed materials or films due to alarming or offensive ideas
intended empezar lección		planned or meant
target empezar lección		a person who is the object of an intentional action
population empezar lección		all the people living in a particular country, area, or place
public empezar lección		community
calmly empezar lección		in a quiet and peaceful manner
blankly empezar lección		without expression or understanding
spoonful empezar lección		as much as a spoon can hold
headlong empezar lección		With great speed or force; reckless
terrifying empezar lección		very frightening
controversial empezar lección		causing disagreement or discussion
unacceptable empezar lección		not acceptable
implication empezar lección		an occasion when you seem to suggest something without saying it directly
interpretation empezar lección		an explanation or opinion of what something means
subconscious empezar lección		not fully aware
encouragement empezar lección		the act of giving hope or support to someone
lifeless empezar lección		martwy, bez życia
lifelong empezar lección		dożywotni, na całe życie
long-life empezar lección		o przedłużonej trwałości
lowlife empezar lección		podlec, zwyrodnialec
love life empezar lección		życie miłosne
life lessons empezar lección		lekcje życia
lust for life empezar lección		chęć do życia
the love of my life empezar lección		miłość mojego życia
loss of life empezar lección		utrata życia, tu: ofiary w ludziach
a new lease of life empezar lección		nowe życie
lifelong learning empezar lección		nauka przez całe życie
live a life of luxury empezar lección		wieść luksusowe życie
live life in the fast lane empezar lección		wieść życie na pełne wrażeń (często też niebezpieczeństwa)
lay down my life empezar lección		oddać swoje życie
larger than life empezar lección		larger than life
leading a double life empezar lección		prowadzić podwójne życie
when life gives you lemons, make lemonade empezar lección		widzieć pozytywy w negatywnej sytuacji
shelf life empezar lección		okres przydatności
after life empezar lección		życie po śmierci
life force empezar lección		siła życia
still life empezar lección		martwa natura
real life empezar lección		prawdziwe życie
full of life empezar lección		pełen życia
obituaries empezar lección		descriptions of the lives of people who have just died
leader/editorial empezar lección		an article giving the newspaper editor's opinion
classified ads empezar lección		pages of advertisements in different categories
supplements empezar lección		separate magazines included with the newspaper
feature empezar lección		an article or set of articles devoted to a particular topic
agony column empezar lección		section in a paper or magazine that deal with readers' private emotional problems
agony aunt empezar lección		person, typically a woman, who answers letters in the agony column
pamphlet empezar lección		a small book dealing with specific topic, often political
leaflet empezar lección		single sheet or folded sheets of paper giving information about something
brochure empezar lección		small, thin book like a magazine, which gives information, often about travel, or a company, etc.
prospectus empezar lección		small, thin book like a magazine, which gives information about a school, college or university, or a company
flyer empezar lección		single sheet giving information about some event, special offer, etc., often given out in the street
booklet empezar lección		small thin book with a soft cover, often giving information about something
manual empezar lección		book of detailed instructions how to use something
book spine empezar lección		The part of the book where all the pages are joined together (grzbiet książki)
book jacket empezar lección		a removable paper cover, usually illustrated, for protecting the binding of a book and usually giving information about the book and the author
subscription empezar lección		a payment for consecutive issues of a newspaper or magazine for a given period of time
foreword empezar lección		Before Chapter I, there is a brief foreword in which the author explains why he wrote the book.
magazine issue empezar lección		edition, publication
binder empezar lección		holder, folder (segregator)
edition empezar lección		version, specific issue
quarterly empezar lección		every three months
ghost writer empezar lección		a person who writes for another without getting the credit
desktop publishing empezar lección		published using a home computer to design it
facsimile empezar lección		an exact copy
to list empezar lección		To make a record of short pieces of information
expose empezar lección		to put something out for others to see
draw attention to empezar lección		to make someone notice something
to give the lowdown on empezar lección		to present the most important informations about somehting
packed with empezar lección		filled with/full of
small print empezar lección		text in a formal agreement that is printed smaller than the rest of the text, sometimes in the hope that it will not be noticed
dumbing down empezar lección		the act of making something simpler and easier for people to understand, especially in order to make it more popular
fake news empezar lección		false stories that appear to be news, spread on the internet or using other media, usually created to influence political views or as a joke
going viral empezar lección		used to describe something that quickly becomes very popular or well known by being published on the internet or sent from person to person by email, phone, etc.
clickbait empezar lección		articles, photographs, etc. on the internet that are intended to attract attention and encourage people to click on links to particular websites
echo chamber empezar lección		a situation in which people only hear opinions of one type, or opinions that are similar to their own:
filter bubble empezar lección		a situation in which someone only hears or sees news and information that supports what they already believe and like, especially a situation created on the internet as a result of algorithms (= sets of rules) that choose the results of someone's searches
listicles empezar lección		a newspaper, magazine, or online article that is in the form of a list
Fifteen Minutes of Fame empezar lección		a brief period when someone becomes famous for something unimportant
stifling (to stifle) empezar lección		to cut off, hold back, or smother (?)
pressure groups empezar lección		people trying to influence what other people think about a particular issue
to air views empezar lección		to express opinion
seek publicity empezar lección		want to reach a wider audience
press conference empezar lección		meetings to give information to and answer questions from the press
issue a statement/press release empezar lección		give a formal announcement to the press
sound bite empezar lección		short memorable sentence or phrase that will be repeated in news bulletins and articles
silly season empezar lección		time of year, when there is not much happening and trivial stories end up on the front page
tapping useful sources empezar lección		making use of people or organisations which regularly provide news
monitoring empezar lección		regularly checking
column inch empezar lección		space
put their own gloss/spin on a story empezar lección		present a story in a particular way
muck-raking empezar lección		collecting scandal (informal and disapproving)
a rag empezar lección		a newspaper or magazine that is considered to be of bad quality
the gutter press empezar lección		the type of newspapers that pay more attention to shocking stories about crime and sex than to serious matters
a glossy empezar lección		expensive magazine printed on good quality paper
a copy empezar lección		a copy
a deadline empezar lección		A date or time when a project, report, or assignment must be finished.
goes to press empezar lección		it starts to be printed
stop press column empezar lección		a place in a newspaper where very recent pieces of news are printed
hot of the press empezar lección		a very new newspaper or story
an exclusive empezar lección		a story that is only to be found in one newspaper
a scoop empezar lección		a story discovered and published by one newspaper before all the others
hit the headlines empezar lección		get a lot of publicity from the media
story breaks empezar lección		becomes public knowledge
receive a lot of coverage empezar lección		receive a lot of space in the press
libel empezar lección		written defamation
defamation of character empezar lección		wrongfully hurting a person's good reputation
back copies empezar lección		previous issues of newspapers
newspaper cuttings empezar lección		newspaper cuttings
innovative empezar lección		original and interesting
unsurpassed empezar lección		the best there is
leave other cars standing empezar lección		are much better than other cars
put/leave other candidates in the shade empezar lección		make candidates seem insignificant
rock-bottom prices empezar lección		extremely low
slashed empezar lección		dramatically reduced
bargains galore empezar lección		a huge number of products on sale at ridiculously low prices
pamper yourself empezar lección		treat yourself to something luxurious
indulge yourself empezar lección		allow yourself something enjoyable
sumptuous empezar lección		costly, rich, magnificent (food and furnishing)
opulent empezar lección		rich, luxurious; wealthy (lifestyle)
in the lap of luxury empezar lección		in a very luxurious way
scientifically designed empezar lección		designed with scientific methods (?)
proven empezar lección		shown by research
state-of-the-art empezar lección		using the latest technology
stand out in the crowd empezar lección		to be noticed
tantalisingly empezar lección		temptingly
fetching / alluring empezar lección		attractive
alliteration empezar lección		repetition of a sound
billboards empezar lección		very large boards used for advertising
flyers empezar lección		sheets of printed information advertising something
trailers empezar lección		brief excerpts from a film, TV or radio programme which are used to advertise it
sky-writing empezar lección		words written in the sky using smoke from a plane
sandwich board empezar lección		advertising posters hung at the back and front of a person who then walks around a busy area
to plug empezar lección		to advertise/promote (a product, etc.)
the Anthropocene empezar lección		the modern geological era during which humans have dramatically affected the environment
climate change empezar lección		changes in the world's weather, it is getting warmer as a result of human activity increasing the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
the climate crisis empezar lección		serious problems that are being caused or likely to be caused by changes in the world's weather
fossil fuels empezar lección		fuels, such as gas, coal, and oil, that were formed underground from plant and animal remains millions of years ago
carbon/water footprint empezar lección		Someone's carbon footprint is a measurement of the amount of carbon dioxide that their activities produce.
The water footprint measures the amount of water used to produce each of the goods and services we use. empezar lección		The water footprint measures the amount of water used to produce each of the goods and services we use.
carbon capture empezar lección		a way of collecting the carbon produced when fuel is burned, so that it is not released into the air
climate engineering empezar lección		also known as "geoengineering," it is the intentional large-scale intervention in the Earth's climate system to counter climate change
a wind farm/turbine empezar lección		a group of wind turbines that are used for producing electricity
a solar panel empezar lección		a device that changes energy from the sun into electricity
wave power empezar lección		is the capture of energy of wind waves to do useful work - for example, electricity generation, water desalination, or pumping water
tidal power empezar lección		is harnessed by converting energy from tides into useful forms of power, mainly electricity using various methods
a fuel cell empezar lección		a device that changes the chemical energy from a fuel into electricity
fusion empezar lección		a technique of joining atoms in a reaction that produces energy
factory farming empezar lección		a system of farming in which a lot of animals are kept in a small closed area, in order to produce a large amount of meat, eggs, or milk as cheaply as possible
vertical farming empezar lección		the activity of growing crops in tall buildings with many floors
cultured meat empezar lección		meat produced by in vitro cell culture of animal cells, instead of from slaughtered animals
organic food empezar lección		the practice of growing crops without pesticides or chemical fertilizers
slow food empezar lección		good food that is prepared and cooked carefully
a doomsday scenario empezar lección		an extremely serious or dangerous situation that could end in death or destruction
living off the grid empezar lección		livinf without the connection to the public supply of electricity, gas, etc.
de-extinction empezar lección		process of generating an organism that is either an extinct species or resembles an extinct species
genome sequencing empezar lección		the process of determining the complete DNA sequence of an organism's genome at a single time
genetic empezar lección		belonging or relating to genes received by each animal or plant from its parents
engineering/modification empezar lección		a change to something, usually to improve it
gene editing empezar lección		the process of changing genes using scientific methods, in order to cure or prevent disease
gene therapy empezar lección		the science of changing genes in order to stop or prevent a disease
a designer baby empezar lección		a baby whose genes have been chosen by its parents and doctors so that it has particular characteristics
cloning empezar lección		the process of creating an exact copy of a plant or animal by using its cells
an artificial uterus empezar lección		a device that would allow for extracorporeal pregnancy by growing a fetus outside the body of an organism that would normally carry the fetus to term
a brain transplant empezar lección		it's a procedure in which the brain of one organism is transplanted into the body of another organism.
printed organs empezar lección		a computer model is fed into a printer that lays down successive layers of plastics or wax until a 3D object is produced
grown-to-order organs empezar lección		grown on demand
artificial intelligence empezar lección		the study of how to produce machines that have some of the qualities that the human mind has, such as the ability to understand language, recognize pictures, solve problems, and learn
facial recognition empezar lección		technology that makes it possible for a computer to recognize a digital image of someone's face
a deepfake empezar lección		a video or sound recording that replaces someone's face or voice with that of someone else, in a way that appears real
de-aging empezar lección		it's a visual effects technique used to make an actor look younger, especially for flashback scenes
augmented reality empezar lección		images produced by a computer and used together with a view of the real world
the (technology) singularity empezar lección		a hypothetical point in time at which technological growth becomes uncontrollable and irreversible, resulting in unforeseeable changes to human civilization
quantum computing empezar lección		the use of quantum phenomena such as superposition and entanglement to perform computation.
the Cloud empezar lección		is a model of computer data storage in which the digital data is stored in logical pools, said to be on "the cloud"
net neutrality empezar lección		the principle that the companies that provide services on the internet should make all information equally available to users, and not make any particular service, website, etc. cheaper or faster to use than any other
big data empezar lección		very large sets of data that are produced by people using the internet, and that can only be stored, understood, and used with the help of special tools and methods
the internet of things empezar lección		objects with computing devices in them that are able to connect to each other and exchange data using the internet
a smart home empezar lección		refers to a convenient home setup where appliances and devices can be automatically controlled remotely from anywhere with an internet connection using a mobile or other networked device
a smart city empezar lección		an urban area that uses different types of electronic methods and sensors to collect data.
the darknet empezar lección		a computer network that uses the internet but can only be joined by people who have permission or who have the right software
nomophobia empezar lección		fear or worry at the idea of being without your mobile phone or unable to use it
FOMO empezar lección		Fear of Missing Out
infinite scrolling empezar lección		a web-design technique that loads content continuously as the user scrolls down the page, eliminating the need for pagination
phishing empezar lección		an attempt to trick someone into giving information over the internet or by email that would allow someone else to take money from them, for example by taking money out of their bank account
cryptocurrency empezar lección		a digital currency produced by a public network, rather than any government, that uses cryptography to make sure payments are sent and received safely
blockchain empezar lección		a system used to make a digital record of all the occasions a cryptocurrency is bought or sold, and that is constantly growing as more blocks are added
universal translator empezar lección		a device common to many science fiction works, especially on television, the translator's purpose is to offer an instant translation of any language
a smart TV empezar lección		a television on which you can also use the internet
a home assistant empezar lección		a brand name for a computer program that can be used to control devices in your home such as lights and heating
smart glasses empezar lección		a pair of glasses that contain computer technology so that, for example, they can be used in a similar way to a smartphone, or you can get information added to what you are seeing as you look through them
planned obsolescence empezar lección		a situation in which goods are deliberately made or designed so that they do not last for a long period of time
the right to repair empezar lección		legal concept that allows consumers to repair the products they buy or choose their own service providers instead of going through the manufacturer
Satnav empezar lección		abbreviation for satellite navigation: a system of computers and satellites, used in vehicles and other places to tell you where something is, where you are, or how to get to a place
self-driving vehicles empezar lección		a vehicle that is capable of sensing its environment and moving safely with little or no human input
a flying car empezar lección		a type of personal air vehicle or roadable aircraft that provides door-to-door transportation by both ground and air
an e-plane empezar lección		it's a reference plane for linearly polarized waveguides, antennas and other microwave devices
an unmanned aerial vehicle empezar lección		an aircraft without a human pilot on board
a jetpack empezar lección		a device worn on the back that uses gas or water to push someone into the air, especially an astronaut
maglev empezar lección		short for magnetic levitation: an advanced type of transport system in which a train travels on a magnetic track, often at very high speeds
a hyperloop empezar lección		a sealed tube or system of tubes with low air pressure through which a pod may travel substantially free of air resistance or friction
supersonic transport empezar lección		a civilian supersonic aircraft designed to transport passengers at speeds greater than the speed of sound
teleportation empezar lección		the act of travelling by an imaginary very fast form of transport that uses special technology or special mental powers, or of causing someone or something to travel in this way
interplanetary/interstellar empezar lección		between planets/stars
travel empezar lección		to make a journey, usually over a long distance
suspended animation empezar lección		a state in which life in a body is temporarily slowed down or stopped
cryogenics empezar lección		the scientific study of very low temperatures and how to produce them
nanotechnology empezar lección		an area of science that deals with developing and producing extremely small tools and machines by controlling the arrangement of separate atoms
graphene empezar lección		a form of carbon consisting of sheets that have the thickness of one atom. The atoms are arranged in a honeycomb pattern
3D printing empezar lección		the process of printing a solid object from a digital model by printing many separate layers of the object
robotisation empezar lección		the introduction of robots to carry out industrial tasks
soft robotics empezar lección		specific subfield of robotics dealing with constructing robots from highly compliant materials, similar to those found in living organisms
technological unemployment empezar lección		the loss of jobs caused by technological change
lidar empezar lección		a method for measuring distances by illuminating the target with laser light and measuring the reflection with a sensor
to teeter empezar lección		move or balance unsteadily; sway back and forth
to tee off empezar lección		start or launch an event (?)
incurable empezar lección		not able to be cured
to pave the way empezar lección		open up opportunities, to make something possible
a downside empezar lección		a disadvantage of a situation
way faster empezar lección		quicker
to some extent empezar lección		partly
to outperform sb empezar lección		be more successful than.
opinionated empezar lección		stubborn and often unreasonable in holding to one's own ideas, having a closed mind
biased empezar lección		bias; showing an unreasonable like or dislike for a person based on personal opinions
to flunk a class empezar lección		to fail a class
to be fined empezar lección		to make somebody pay money as an official punishment
to live with a decision empezar lección		to live with a decision
a slippery slope empezar lección		a bad situation or habit that, after it has started, is likely to get very much worse
be accountable empezar lección		being officially responsible for something
dignity empezar lección		calm, serious, and controlled behaviour that makes people respect you
friend or foe? empezar lección		A person who is both a friend and enemy
to alter sth empezar lección		to change something, usually slightly, or to cause the characteristics of something to change
with hindsight empezar lección		the ability to understand an event or situation only after it has happened
a waste of space empezar lección		a person or thing that is not useful or helpful
to go _____ (e.g. "Skynet") empezar lección		to go _____ (eg "Skynet")
disdainful empezar lección		showing that someone does not like someone or something and thinks that they do not deserve interest or respect
mere (human beings) empezar lección		used to emphasize how strongly someone feels about something or how extreme a situation is
just in case empezar lección		to protect against something bad that could happen
a foible empezar lección		a strange habit or characteristic that is seen as not important and not harming anyone
to use sth against sb empezar lección		to use sth against sb
an overlord empezar lección		a person in a position of power, especially in the past
to worship empezar lección		to love, respect, and admire someone or something very much, often without noticing the bad qualities of that person or thing
upfront empezar lección		speaking or behaving in a way that makes intentions and beliefs clear
input empezar lección		Something put into a system, such as resources, in order to achieve a result.
collaboration empezar lección		the situation of two or more people working together to create or achieve the same thing
it takes a village empezar lección		a lot of people (?)
legislation /ˌledʒ.əˈsleɪ.ʃən/ empezar lección		law-making (a person = legislator, verb = to legislate)
Members of Parliament (MPs) empezar lección		Elected members of the British or other parliament.
assiduously /əˈsɪdʒ.u.əs.li/ empezar lección		in a steady and hard-working way (sumiennie)
constituents empezar lección		people who elected one MP (as a group = constituency)
lobbies empezar lección		people who try to influence MPs (verb = lobby)
corporations empezar lección		large companies (adj = corporate)
Institute of Directors empezar lección		organisation of top business people
ministers empezar lección		MPs with top responsibilities, e.g. for health, education
civil servant / the Civil Service empezar lección		people employed in government department
lobbyists empezar lección		someone who tries to persuade a politician or official group to do something
Chancellor of the Exchequer /eksˈtʃek.ɚ/ empezar lección		finance minister (UK)
annual budget empezar lección		yearly financial plan (of tax rates, etc.)
petition empezar lección		a formal request signed by lots of people
tax concession empezar lección		a reduction in taxes (verb = concede)
producer, manufacturer empezar lección		a person or business that makes sth
centralised empezar lección		concentrated in one central organisation (noun = centralisation)
close-knit empezar lección		with close ties to each other
well-funded empezar lección		with plenty of financial support
consumers empezar lección		People who buy and use goods and services.
scattered empezar lección		dispersed; spread out or separated widely
fragmented empezar lección		separate; not centralised
backstairs (pressure, deals) empezar lección		secret and usually dishonest or illegal; hidden from the public
concealed empezar lección		hidden
Friends of the Earth empezar lección		large environmental organisation
Child Poverty Action Group empezar lección		large organisation helping children
paid-up members empezar lección		people who have paid their membership fees, i.e. committed members
relentlessly /rɪˈlent.ləs.li/ empezar lección		in an extreme way that continues without stopping; menacing
deputations empezar lección		people sent to speak for a group
intimidate empezar lección		To frighten, especially by threatening someone
counter empezar lección		to oppose
grievance /ˈɡriː.vəns/ empezar lección		complaint about unfair treatment
appeal to empezar lección		request support from
red tape paperwork empezar lección		formalities official procedure; bureaucracy
parish empezar lección		A local church community. (parafia albo gmina)
encircle empezar lección		to surround or form a circle around
commerce empezar lección		the activities involved in buying and selling things
mass-produced empezar lección		made in large quantities
constituency empezar lección		area represented by one MP
petitioner empezar lección		person signing a formal request
consumption empezar lección		amount purchased, used or eaten
pressuries empezar lección		to try to force someone to do something
representative empezar lección		person standing for the interests of a group
to inluence empezar lección		to affect
a climax empezar lección		most important or exciting point
to press for empezar lección		to argue in favour of (to press for reform, to press for change)
negotiation empezar lección		The settling of a dispute through discussion
self-sufficiency empezar lección		The ability of a country or person to support themselves without outside help
immunization empezar lección		A means of protecting people against some diseases
recycling empezar lección		Collection of raw materials so that they can be used again
subsidy empezar lección		Money given by a government to lower the prices of e.g. basic foods
irrigation empezar lección		A system of distributing water to places which need it for agriculture
charity empezar lección		An organization which collects money from the public and uses it to help people in need
consumption empezar lección		the act of using, eating, or drinking something
renewable empezar lección		able to be created again
rainfall empezar lección		rain, or the amount of rain that falls
shortages empezar lección		a situation in which there is not enough of something
ecological empezar lección		relating to ecology (= the relationship between living things and their environment) or the environment
wildlife empezar lección		animals and plants that grow independently of people, usually in natural conditions
extinction empezar lección		a situation in which something no longer exists
deforestation empezar lección		the cutting down of trees in a large area, or the destruction of forests by people
endangered empezar lección		in danger of becoming extinct
intervention empezar lección		the action of becoming intentionally involved in a difficult situation, in order to improve it or prevent it from getting worse
household empezar lección		a group of people, often a family, who live together
harmful empezar lección		causing harm
pesticides empezar lección		a chemical substance used to kill harmful insects, small animals, wild plants, and other unwanted organisms
production empezar lección		the process of making or growing goods to be sold
poisonous empezar lección		very harmful and able to cause illness or death
climatic empezar lección		relating to general weather conditions
populated empezar lección		(of a place) having people living there
overrated empezar lección		not as good as people say
overjoyed empezar lección		extremely happy
underestimated empezar lección		to fail to guess or understand the real cost, size, difficulty, etc. of something
oversimplified empezar lección		unrealistically simple
undernourished empezar lección		not eating enough food to continue to be in good health
overburdened empezar lección		having too much to carry, contain, or deal with
underprivileged empezar lección		without the money, possessions, education, opportunities, etc. that the average person has
overcrowded empezar lección		containing too many people or things
underlying empezar lección		real but not immediately obvious
rural empezar lección		relating to farm areas and life in the country
illiterate empezar lección		unable to read or write
essential empezar lección		necessary, basic
wealthy empezar lección		rich
sparsely empezar lección		with only a small number or amount of people or things
impoverished empezar lección		very poor
urban empezar lección		relating to a city or town
densely empezar lección		with a lot of things close together
inadequate empezar lección		not good enough or too low in quality
traditional empezar lección		a belief, custom, or way of doing something that has existed for a long time
humanitarian empezar lección		(a person who is) involved in or connected with improving people's lives and reducing suffering
existence empezar lección		the fact of something or someone existing
resistance empezar lección		the act of fighting against something that is attacking you, or refusing to accept something
stabilize empezar lección		If something stabilizes, it becomes fixed or stops changing
devalued empezar lección		to reduce the rate at which money can be exchanged for foreign money
diplomatic empezar lección		acting in a way that does not cause offence
ethnic cleansing empezar lección		Process in which more powerful ethnic group forcibly removes a less powerful one in order to create an ethnically homogeneous region
disproportionate empezar lección		too large or too small in comparison to something else, or not deserving its importance or influence
slavery empezar lección		the activity of owning other people who are forced to work for or obey you
washed away empezar lección		carried away by the movement of water
devaluation empezar lección		the action of reducing the rate at which money can be exchanged for foreign money
erosion empezar lección		the fact of soil, stone, etc. being gradually damaged and removed by the waves, rain, or wind
buried empezar lección		to put a body into the ground
covered empezar lección		put over or on top of
ablaze empezar lección		burning very strongly
smouldering empezar lección		burning with little smoke and no flame
drought empezar lección		a long period when there is little or no rain
evacuate empezar lección		to move people from a dangerous place to somewhere safe
shift empezar lección		to move or change from one position or direction to another, especially slightly
malnutrition empezar lección		physical weakness and bad health caused by having too little food, or too little of the types of food necessary for good health
undernourishment empezar lección		the condition of not eating enough food to continue to be in good health
block sth out empezar lección		stop from passing through
cut off empezar lección		to disconnect, interrupt, or discontinue something or someone
epidemic empezar lección		the appearance of a particular disease in a large number of people at the same time
plague empezar lección		an easily spread disease causing a large number of deaths
sea levels empezar lección		the average height of the sea where it meets the land
pledge empezar lección		a serious or formal promise
advent empezar lección		the fact of an event happening, an invention being made, or a person arriving
sponsored empezar lección		supported financially
proceeds empezar lección		the amount of money received from a particular event or activity or when something is sold
enterprise empezar lección		an organization, especially a business, or a difficult and important plan, especially one that will earn money
aid empezar lección		to help
thrash out empezar lección		discuss in detail in order to find a solution
comprehensive empezar lección		including many details or aspects of something
a two wave panel survey empezar lección		the same people are questioned twice - for example before and after voting
fancy footwork empezar lección		quick or clever actions to deal with a problem
inter-locking things empezar lección		things that are connected (?)
deliver empezar lección		provide sth promised (Membership of the EU wasn't delivering)
big picture empezar lección		the situation as a whole
prosperous empezar lección		Successful and wealthy
Recession empezar lección		A slowdown in a nation's economy
to mishandle empezar lección		manage badly or incompetently
to harden views on sth empezar lección		to become very unfriendly
austerity empezar lección		an economic policy by which a government reduces the amount of money it spends by a large amount
grassroots empezar lección		people at the local level; average voters, not professional politicians
galvanise /ɡæl.və.naɪz/ empezar lección		to stimulate to action, to motivate to vote
dour empezar lección		gloomy
overblown empezar lección		exaggerated
immigration: controlled or uncontrolled empezar lección		the act of someone coming to live in a different country
polls empezar lección		the process of voting in an election / the places where people vote in a political election
allegiance /əˈliː.dʒəns/ empezar lección		loyalty
volatility empezar lección		suddenly changing or becoming more dangerous
unglued empezar lección		separated or detached
to come unglued- to experience difficulties and fail empezar lección		to come unglued- to experience difficulties and fail
policymaking system empezar lección		the process of developing policies
Populism empezar lección		politics that represents the interests and opinions of ordinary people
the Tories empezar lección		Conservative Party
go pear-shaped empezar lección		(of a plan) to go badly wrong
to skew empezar lección		to twist, to manipulate
Devolution empezar lección		the process of taking power from a central authority or government and giving it to smaller and more local regions
academics empezar lección		a teacher or scholar in a university or other institute of higher education
left behind empezar lección		abandoned
backdrop empezar lección		a background, setting
dosłownie: scenery hung at back of stage empezar lección		literally: scenery hung at back of stage
coup empezar lección		a sudden illegal, often violent, taking of government power, especially by part of an army
riot empezar lección		an occasion when a large number of people behave in a noisy, violent, and uncontrolled way in public, often as a protest
discontented empezar lección		dissatisfied, unhappy
merely /ˈmɪr.li/ empezar lección		used to emphasize that you mean exactly what you are saying and nothing more
boost empezar lección		increase
counterpart empezar lección		a person or thing that has the same purpose as another one in a different place or organization
catch up empezar lección		get to the same point as someone else
the mainland empezar lección		for Brtis: the rest of Europe
driving force empezar lección		someone or something that has the power to make things happen
referendum empezar lección		a vote in which all the people in a country or an area are asked to give their opinion about or decide an important political or social question
UKIP empezar lección		UK Independence Party: a political party in the UK whose main policy has been that the United Kingdom should leave the European Union
drill down empezar lección		to look for something on a computer or website by moving from general information to more detailed information
propaganda empezar lección		information, ideas, opinions, or images, often only giving one part of an argument, that are broadcast, published, or in some other way spread with the intention of influencing people's opinions
bias empezar lección		the action of supporting or opposing a particular person or thing in an unfair way, because of allowing personal opinions to influence your judgment
prejudice /ˈpredʒ.ə.dɪs/ empezar lección		an unfair and unreasonable opinion or feeling, especially when formed without enough thought or knowledge
robust /roʊˈbʌst/ empezar lección		(of a person or animal) strong and healthy, or (of an object or system) strong and unlikely to break or fail
constitutional empezar lección		allowed by or contained in a constitution
implication empezar lección		an occasion when you seem to suggest something without saying it directly
civil war empezar lección		a war fought by different groups of people living in the same country
demonstration empezar lección		an occasion when a group of people march or stand together to show that they disagree with or support something or someone
protest empezar lección		a strong complaint expressing disagreement, disapproval, or opposition
remain empezar lección		to stay in the same place or in the same condition
Remainer empezar lección		a person who voted for the United Kingdom to remain in the European Union in the 2016 referendum
Home Office empezar lección		the UK government department that deals with matters inside the UK that are not the responsibility of other departments, for example justice and the rules for people from other countries entering the UK
vote empezar lección		a choice that gets counted
election empezar lección		a time when people vote in order to choose someone for a political or official job
dash for cash empezar lección		chase for money?
asylum empezar lección		protection or safety, especially that given by a government to people who have been forced to leave their own countries for their safety or because of war
to come out of retirement empezar lección		to return to work or to one's professional career
candidate empezar lección		a person who is competing to get a job or elected position
to toe the party line empezar lección		to do what someone in authority tells you to do although you may not agree with it
smear campaign empezar lección		a planned attempt to harm the reputation of a person or company by telling lies about them
opinion poll empezar lección		an occasion when people are asked questions to discover what they think about a subject
majority empezar lección		the larger number or part of something
latter empezar lección		the second of two people, things, or groups previously mentioned
manifesto empezar lección		a written statement of the beliefs, aims, and policies of an organization, especially a political party
diplomatic empezar lección		tactful when dealing with people
respectable empezar lección		with a good reputation
courteous empezar lección		polite
radical empezar lección		with extreme or very strong views
opressed empezar lección		being ruled unjustly or cruelly
conventional empezar lección		behaving just like everyone else
rebellious empezar lección		against authority and hard control
privileged empezar lección		having more advantages, opportunities, or rights than most people
notorious empezar lección		having a bad reputation
progressive empezar lección		in favour of new ideas
mayor empezar lección		a person who is elected or chosen to lead the group who governs a town or city
bill empezar lección		a formal statement of a planned new law that is discussed before being voted on
survey empezar lección		an examination of opinions, behaviour, etc., made by asking people questions
council empezar lección		a group of people elected or chosen to make decisions or give advice on a particular subject, to represent a particular group of people, or to run a particular organization
reign empezar lección		the period of time when a king or queen rules a country
authorities empezar lección		a group of people with official responsibility for a particular area of activity
motion empezar lección		the act or process of moving, or a particular action or movement
Members of the Cabinet empezar lección		a small group of the most important people in government, who advise the President or Prime Minister and make important decisions
licensed empezar lección		officially allowed
illegal empezar lección		against the law
compulsory empezar lección		obligatory
barred empezar lección		blocked, banned
abolished empezar lección		to do away with
binding empezar lección		to be obeyed
required empezar lección		necessary
permitted empezar lección		allowed
voluntary empezar lección		willing; unforced
restricted empezar lección		not allowed
president empezar lección		the elected head of state.
minister empezar lección		responsible for a government department
ringleader empezar lección		the leader of a group of people who are doing something harmful or illegal
ambassador empezar lección		an important official who works in a foreign country representing his or her own country there, and who is officially accepted in this position by that country
patriot empezar lección		a person who loves their country and, if necessary, will fight for it
delegate empezar lección		represents others at a meeting or conference
traitor empezar lección		A person who betrays his or her country
sovereign empezar lección		a person who may be the head of state by birth
terrorist empezar lección		someone who uses violent action, or threats of violent action, for political purposes
chairperson empezar lección		a person in charge of a meeting, organization, or department
retains empezar lección		holds on to; keeps
the Houses of Parliament empezar lección		the UK parliament, consisting of the House of Commons and the House of Lords
general public empezar lección		ordinary people, especially all the people who are not members of a particular organization or who do not have any special type of knowledge
electorate empezar lección		all the people who are allowed to vote
chamber empezar lección		a room used for a special or official purpose, or a group of people who form (part of) a parliament
defied (defy) empezar lección		to refuse to obey a person, decision, law, situation, etc.
to backfire empezar lección		have the opposite effect to what was intended
to wield power empezar lección		to have a lot of influence or power over other people
put the record straight empezar lección		to write or say something in order to make the true facts known
sideboard empezar lección		a piece of furniture used to store tablecloths and dishes
silverware empezar lección		tableware made of silver
hard-up empezar lección		not having enough money to pay for necessities, poor
loot empezar lección		money and valuable objects that have been stolen
come up with sth empezar lección		to think of a plan, an idea, or a solution to a problem
collapse empezar lección		to fall down suddenly because of pressure or having no strength or support
casualty empezar lección		a person injured or killed in a serious accident or war
evacuated empezar lección		removed from an area
meet demands empezar lección		to provide for someone's need (spełnić wymagania)
sustain empezar lección		to suffer or experience, especially damage or loss
OR to cause or allow something to continue for a period of time (The judge sustained (= accepted) the lawyer's objection) empezar lección		OR to cause or allow something to continue for a period of time (The judge sustained (= accepted) the lawyer's objection)
uprooted empezar lección		torn up by the roots; removed
collide empezar lección		to crash into
survivors empezar lección		people who have stayed alive
blaze empezar lección		A vivid glowing flame; large, strong fire
rapidly empezar lección		very quickly
tear gas empezar lección		a gas that makes your eyes sting, used especially by the police to control violent crowds
disperse empezar lección		to scatter, spread far and wide
mob empezar lección		a large, angry crowd, especially one that could easily become violent
seal off empezar lección		to prevent people from entering an area or building, often because it is dangerous
juvenile /ˈdʒuː.və.nəl/ empezar lección		relating to a young person who is not yet old enough to be considered an adult
addiction empezar lección		an inability to stop doing or using something, especially something harmful
offender empezar lección		a person who commits a crime
petty crime empezar lección		a type of crime that is not considered serious when compared with some other crimes
beggar empezar lección		a poor person who lives by asking others for money or food
a brush with sth empezar lección		a situation in which you experience something, or almost experience something, especially something unpleasant
transgression empezar lección		the act or process of breaking a law or moral rule
hardened empezar lección		used to describe someone who has had a lot of bad experiences and as a result no longer gets upset or shocked; no longer likely to change a bad way of life or feel sorry about it
counselling empezar lección		the job or process of listening to someone and giving that person advice about their problems
enforce empezar lección		to make people obey a law, or to make a particular situation happen or be accepted
deter empezar lección		to prevent someone from doing something or to make someone less enthusiastic about doing something by making it difficult for that person to do it or by threatening bad results if they do it
custody empezar lección		the legal right or duty to care for someone or something, especially a child after its parents have separated or died
detention empezar lección		a form of punishment in which children are made to stay at school for a short time after classes have ended; the act of officially detaining someone
prison empezar lección		a building where criminals are forced to live as a punishment
Capital punishment empezar lección		death penalty
the death penalty empezar lección		the legal punishment of death for a crime
execution empezar lección		the legal punishment of killing someone
arrest empezar lección		If the police arrest someone, they take them away to ask them about a crime that they might have committed
detection empezar lección		the fact of noticing or discovering something
inquiry /ˈɪŋ.kwɚ.i/ empezar lección		(the process of asking) a question
hairpiece does not fully cover the head empezar lección		Small wig used to cover the top or crown of the head toupee.
headdress empezar lección		a decorative covering for the head
wig empezar lección		a covering of artificial hair worn on the head to hide a loss of hair or to cover your own hair
charged with assault empezar lección		officially accused by a court of deliberately causing harm to another person
the accused empezar lección		a person officially charged with a crime; the person who is on trial in a law court:
presume empezar lección		to believe something to be true because it is very likely, although you are not certain
faultless empezar lección		perfect and without any mistakes
innocent empezar lección		(of a person) not guilty of a particular crime
offence empezar lección		an illegal act; a crime
charge empezar lección		(of the police) to make a formal statement saying that someone is accused of a crime
case empezar lección		a problem, a series of events, or a person being dealt with by police, doctors, lawyers, etc.
racing empezar lección		the action of competing in a race (= a competition to see who can finish first) or running a race with someone
speeding empezar lección		driving faster than is allowed in a particular area
built-up area empezar lección		A built-up area is one where there are a lot of buildings
evidence empezar lección		one or more reasons for believing that something is or is not true
it suggests empezar lección		it suggests
UN empezar lección		UN
proof empezar lección		a fact or piece of information that shows that something exists or is true
it proves empezar lección		it proves
UN zwykle empezar lección		UN usually
jury empezar lección		a group of people who have been chosen to listen to all the facts in a trial in a law court and to decide if a person is guilty or not guilty, or if a claim has been proved
defence empezar lección		protection
verdict empezar lección		an opinion or decision made after judging the facts that are given, especially one made at the end of a trial
come into force empezar lección		(of laws, rules, or systems) existing and being used
on probation empezar lección		a period of time when a criminal must behave well and not commit any more crimes in order to avoid being sent to prison
ban from empezar lección		to forbid someone to do something or forbid an action
(go on a) rampage empezar lección		to go through an area making a lot of noise and causing damage
out of control empezar lección		if something is out of control, it cannot be dealt with successfully:
habit-forming empezar lección		A habit-forming activity or drug makes you want to do or take it repeatedly
be robbed OF empezar lección		to have sth stolen
without due care and attention empezar lección		careless
neglect empezar lección		to not give enough care or attention to people or things that are your responsibility
swindled empezar lección		cheated
riot empezar lección		an occasion when a large number of people behave in a noisy, violent, and uncontrolled way in public, often as a protest
(to be) pardoned empezar lección		officially forgiven and the punishment is stopped
deported empezar lección		forced to leave a country
illegal alien empezar lección		A person who enters a country illegally without the proper authorization and documents, or is an alien who once entered a country legally and has since violated the terms of the status in which he entered a country or has overstayed the time
doesn't have the legal right to stay empezar lección		doesn't have the legal right to stay
(to squat) squatted empezar lección		lived illegally without paying rent
cheated empezar lección		acted dishonestly
abolished empezar lección		brought to an end
swerved empezar lección		turned suddenly to avoid hitting something
burgle empezar lección		to steal
loophole in the law empezar lección		a small mistake in an agreement or law that gives someone the chance to avoid having to do something
mitigating circumstances empezar lección		factors that decrease the severity of a crime
okoliczności łagodzące empezar lección		attenuating circumstances
community service empezar lección		A sentencing alternative that requires offenders to spend at least part of their time working for a community agency
to falsify (evidence) empezar lección		to change sth or add untrue details to it in order to deceive people
witness empezar lección		a person who sees an event happening, especially a crime or an accident
impunity empezar lección		freedom from punishment or harm
bigamy empezar lección		the crime of marrying a person while already legally married to someone else
fine empezar lección		an amount of money that has to be paid as a punishment for not obeying a rule or law
misdemeanour /ˌmɪs.dɪˈmiː.nɚ/ empezar lección		an action that is slightly bad or breaks a rule but is not a crime
prison empezar lección		a building where criminals are forced to live as a punishment
civil law empezar lección		the part of the legal system that relates to personal matters, such as marriage and property, rather than crime
crime empezar lección		illegal activities
forgery empezar lección		an illegal copy of a document, painting, etc. or the crime of making such illegal copies
offence empezar lección		an illegal act; a crime
criminal law empezar lección		the part of the legal system that relates to punishing people who break the law
law empezar lección		a rule, usually made by a government, that is used to order the way in which a society behaves
penalty empezar lección		a punishment, or the usual punishment, for doing something that is against a law
term empezar lección		the fixed period of time that something lasts for
felony empezar lección		(an example of) serious crime that can be punished by one or more years in prison
life imprisonment empezar lección		the punishment of being put in prison for a very long time without an arranged time for release or, in the US, until death
treason empezar lección		(the crime of) showing no loyalty to your country, especially by helping its enemies or trying to defeat its government
thief empezar lección		a person who steals
pickpocket empezar lección		someone who steals things from people's pockets
blackmailer empezar lección		gets money by threatening to disclose personal information
hijacker empezar lección		someone who takes control of an aircraft or other vehicle during a journey by force
shoplifter empezar lección		takes things from a shop without paying
murderer empezar lección		kills people
burglar empezar lección		a person who illegally enters buildings and steals things
robber empezar lección		someone who steals
kidnapper empezar lección		someone who takes a person away illegally by force, usually in order to demand money in exchange for releasing them
spy empezar lección		a person who secretly collects and reports information about the activities of another country or organization
vandal empezar lección		a person who intentionally damages property belonging to other people
bigamist empezar lección		someone who marries a person while already legally married to someone else
commit empezar lección		to do something illegal or something that is considered wrong
bandit empezar lección		a thief with a weapon, especially one belonging to a group that attacks people travelling through the countryside
guerrilla empezar lección		a member of an unofficial military group that is trying to change the government by making sudden, unexpected attacks on the official army forces
observance empezar lección		the act of obeying a law or following a religious custom
disrespect empezar lección		lack of respect
hostage empezar lección		someone who is taken as a prisoner by an enemy in order to force the other people involved to do what the enemy wants
breach empezar lección		an act of breaking a law, promise, agreement, or relationship
currency regulation empezar lección		Government rules governing the flow of national or foreign currencies into or out of a country. (?)
commit suicide empezar lección		a phrase used to mean "to kill yourself", which is now considered offensive because it suggests that doing this is a crime
homicide empezar lección		(an act of) murder
prosecute empezar lección		to officially accuse someone of committing a crime in a law court, or (of a lawyer) to try to prove that a person accused of committing a crime is guilty of that crime
persecute empezar lección		to treat someone unfairly or cruelly over a long period of time because of their race, religion, or political beliefs, or to annoy someone by refusing to leave them alone
liable empezar lección		having (legal) responsibility for something or someone
hooligan empezar lección		a violent person who fights or causes damage in public places
division empezar lección		a separate part of an army or large organization
portion empezar lección		a part or share of something larger
element empezar lección		a part of something
force empezar lección		physical, especially violent, strength, or power
burst empezar lección		to break open or apart suddenly, or to make something do this
blare empezar lección		to make an unpleasantly loud noise
siren empezar lección		a device for making a loud warning noise
gong empezar lección		a round piece of metal that is hung in a frame and hit with a stick to produce a sound as a signal, also used as a musical instrument
bell empezar lección		an electrical device that makes a ringing sound when you press a button or a hollow metal object shaped like a cup that makes a ringing sound when hit by something hard, especially a clapper
alarm empezar lección		a warning of danger, usually a loud noise or flashing light
bereaved empezar lección		having a close relation or friend who has recently died
confiscate empezar lección		to take a possession away from someone when you have the right to do so, usually as a punishment and often for a limited period, after which it is returned to the owner
deprive empezar lección		to take something, especially something necessary or pleasant, away from someone
extort empezar lección		to get something by force or threats, or with difficulty
sober empezar lección		not drunk or affected by alcohol
steady empezar lección		happening in a smooth, gradual, and regular way, not suddenly or unexpectedly; constant
sue empezar lección		to take legal action against a person or organization, especially by making a legal claim for money because of some harm that they have caused you
carry sth out empezar lección		to do or complete something, especially that you have said you would do or that you have been told to do
bring sth about empezar lección		to cause something to happen
conspirator empezar lección		someone who conspires with other people to do something
plot empezar lección		a secret plan made by several people to do something that is wrong, harmful, or not legal, especially to do damage to a person or a government
catastrophe /kəˈtæs.trə.fi/ empezar lección		a sudden event that causes very great trouble or destruction
disaster empezar lección		(an event that results in) great harm, damage, or death, or serious difficulty
demolition /ˌdem.əˈlɪʃ.ən/ empezar lección		the act of destroying something such as a building
overthrow empezar lección		to defeat or remove someone from power, using force
broadcast empezar lección		to send out a programme on television or radio
scatter empezar lección		to (cause to) move far apart in different directions
sow empezar lección		to put seeds in or on the ground so that plants will grow
stray empezar lección		to travel along a route that was not originally intended, or to move outside a limited area
catch sb red-handed empezar lección		to find someone in the act of doing something illegal
true-blue empezar lección		completely loyal to a person or belief
in black and white empezar lección		in writing
camouflage empezar lección		something that is meant to hide something, or behaviour that is intended to hide the truth
counterfeit empezar lección		made to look like the original of something, usually for dishonest or illegal purposes
fake empezar lección		an object that is made to look real or valuable in order to deceive people
fraudulent empezar lección		dishonest and illegal
blackmail empezar lección		the act of getting money from people or forcing them to do something by threatening to tell a secret of theirs or to harm them
bribery empezar lección		an attempt to make someone do something for you by giving the person money, presents, or something else that they want
compensation empezar lección		money that is paid to someone in exchange for something that has been lost or damaged or for some problem
reward empezar lección		an amount of money given to someone who helps the police or who helps to return stolen property to its owner
crew empezar lección		a group of people who work together, especially all those who work on and operate a ship, aircraft, etc.
gang empezar lección		a group of young people, especially young men, who spend time together, often fighting with other groups and behaving badly
staff empezar lección		the group of people who work for an organization
team empezar lección		people working together as a group in order to achieve something
creep empezar lección		to move slowly, quietly, and carefully, usually in order to avoid being noticed
stride empezar lección		to walk with long steps
wander empezar lección		to walk around slowly in a relaxed way or without any clear purpose or direction
arsonist empezar lección		a person who intentionally starts a fire in order to damage or destroy something, especially a building
assassin empezar lección		someone who kills a famous or important person, usually for political reasons or in exchange for money
deserter empezar lección		a person who leaves the armed forces without permission
embezzler empezar lección		someone who secretly takes money that is in their care or that belongs to an organization or business they work for
forger empezar lección		someone who falsifies or makes fake copies
fraud empezar lección		a person who pretends to be what he is not
con man empezar lección		a person who uses tricks to cheat people, esp. to get their money or possessions
mugger empezar lección		a person who attacks people in order to steal their money
poacher empezar lección		someone who catches and kills animals illegally
racketeer empezar lección		someone who makes money from a dishonest or illegal business activity
smuggler empezar lección		someone who takes goods or people into or out of a country illegally
terrorist empezar lección		someone who uses violent action, or threats of violent action, for political purposes
ransack empezar lección		to search a place or container in a violent and careless way
invade empezar lección		to enter a country by force with large numbers of soldiers in order to take possession of it
safe deposit box empezar lección		a strong box in a bank where you can keep money or valuable things
high-pitched empezar lección		A voice that is high-pitched is higher than usual
eject empezar lección		to force someone to leave a particular place
emit empezar lección		to send out a beam, noise, smell, or gas
expel empezar lección		to send out or away
exclude empezar lección		to prevent someone or something from entering a place or taking part in an activity
clench empezar lección		to close or hold something very tightly, often in a determined or angry way
clutch empezar lección		to take or try to take hold of something tightly, usually in fear, worry, or pain
grab empezar lección		to take hold of something or someone suddenly and roughly
grip empezar lección		to hold very tightly
haul empezar lección		a usually large amount of something that has been stolen or is illegal
floorboard empezar lección		one of the long, straight pieces of wood used to make a floor
creak empezar lección		When a door, floorboard, etc. creaks, it makes a long low sound when it moves or is moved
crack empezar lección		to break something so that it does not separate, but very thin lines appear on its surface, or to become broken in this way
crunch empezar lección		to crush hard food loudly between the teeth, or to make a sound as if something is being crushed or broken
groan empezar lección		a deep, long sound showing great pain or unhappiness
flaunt empezar lección		to show or make obvious something you are proud of in order to get admiration
flout /flaʊt/ empezar lección		to intentionally not obey a rule, law, or custom
float /floʊt/ empezar lección		to stay on the surface of a liquid and not sink
intact empezar lección		complete and in the original state
preserve empezar lección		to keep something as it is, especially in order to prevent it from decaying or being damaged or destroyed
maul empezar lección		If an animal mauls someone, it attacks that person and injures them with its teeth or claws (= long sharp nails)
violate empezar lección		to break or act against something, especially a law, agreement, principle, or something that should be treated with respect
hinder empezar lección		to limit the ability of someone to do something, or to limit the development of something
tamper empezar lección		to touch or make changes to something when you should not, especially when this is illegal
snatch empezar lección		to grab quickly
withdraw empezar lección		to take or move out or back, or to remove
suspect empezar lección		a person believed to have committed a crime or done something wrong, or something believed to have caused something bad
account empezar lección		a written or spoken description of an event
declaration empezar lección		an announcement, often one that is written and official
deposition empezar lección		a formal written statement made or used in a law court
statement empezar lección		something that someone says or writes officially, or an action done to express an opinion
unruly empezar lección		badly behaved
collection empezar lección		a lot of things or people
congregation empezar lección		a group of people who have come together in a religious building for worship and prayer
group empezar lección		a number of people or things that are put together or considered as a unit
mob empezar lección		a large, angry crowd, especially one that could easily become violent
discount empezar lección		to decide that something or someone is not worth considering or giving attention
neglect empezar lección		to not give enough care or attention to people or things that are your responsibility
omit empezar lección		to fail to include or do something
overlook empezar lección		to fail to notice or consider something or someone
foul play empezar lección		a criminal act that results in serious damage or injury, especially murder
communication empezar lección		the act of communicating with people
connection empezar lección		the state of being related to someone or something else
join empezar lección		to connect or fasten things together
assailant empezar lección		a person who attacks another person
immovable empezar lección		fixed and impossible to move
lifeless empezar lección		showing little energy or interest
motionless empezar lección		without moving
static empezar lección		staying in one place without moving, or not changing for a long time
bewilder empezar lección		to confuse someone
confuse empezar lección		to mix up someone's mind or ideas, or to make something difficult to understand
merge empezar lección		to combine or join together, or to cause things to do this
puzzled empezar lección		confused because you do not understand something
battened empezar lección		strengthen or fasten (something) with battens (= a long piece of wood)
cordoned empezar lección		prevent access to or from (an area or building) by surrounding it with police or other guards.
fasten empezar lección		to (cause something to) become firmly fixed together, or in position, or closed
shuttered empezar lección		closed permanently
snare empezar lección		a device for catching small animals and birds, usually with a rope or wire that tightens around the animal
trap empezar lección		a device or hole for catching animals or people and preventing their escape
certify empezar lección		to say in a formal or official way, usually in writing, that something is true or correct
identify empezar lección		to recognize someone or something and say or prove who or what that person or thing is
justify empezar lección		to give or to be a good reason for
verify empezar lección		to prove that something exists or is true, or to make certain that something is correct
deductive empezar lección		reaching an answer or a decision by thinking carefully about the known facts
disturbing empezar lección		making you feel worried or upset
suggestive empezar lección		causing you to think about something
suspicious empezar lección		making you feel that something illegal is happening or that something is wrong; feeling doubt or a lack of trust
attentive empezar lección		listening carefully
thorough /ˈθɝː.oʊ/ empezar lección		detailed and careful
thoughtful empezar lección		carefully considering things; kind and always thinking about how you can help other people
enquiring empezar lección		To ask for information
investigate empezar lección		to examine a crime, problem, statement, etc. carefully, especially to discover the truth
seek empezar lección		to try to find or get something, especially something that is not a physical object
anonymity empezar lección		the situation in which someone's name is not given or known
identification empezar lección		the act of recognizing and naming someone or something
identity empezar lección		who a person is, or the qualities of a person or group that make them different from others
personality empezar lección		the type of person you are, shown by the way you behave, feel, and think
combing empezar lección		searching a place or an area very carefully in order to find something
motive empezar lección		a reason for doing something
principle empezar lección		a basic idea or rule that explains or controls how something happens or works
confine empezar lección		to limit an activity, person, or problem in some way
possession empezar lección		the fact that you have or own something
ownership empezar lección		the state or fact of owning something
raid empezar lección		a short sudden attack, usually by a small group of people
invasion empezar lección		the act of entering a place by force, often in large numbers
storm empezar lección		to attack a place or building by entering suddenly in great numbers
constable empezar lección		police officer
confinement empezar lección		the situation in which a person or animal is kept somewhere, usually by force
custody empezar lección		the legal right or duty to care for someone or something, especially a child after its parents have separated or died
detection empezar lección		the fact of noticing or discovering something
guardianship empezar lección		the state or duty of being a guardian
compel empezar lección		to force someone to do something
enforce empezar lección		to make people obey a law, or to make a particular situation happen or be accepted
press empezar lección		to try hard to persuade someone to do something
press charges empezar lección		to complain officially about someone in a law court
observer empezar lección		a person who watches what happens but has no active part in it
onlooker empezar lección		someone who watches something that is happening in a public place but is not involved in it
spectator empezar lección		a person who watches an activity, especially a sports event, without taking part
witnesses empezar lección		a person who sees an event happening, especially a crime or an accident
examination empezar lección		the act of looking at or considering something carefully in order to discover something
concentrate empezar lección		focus
exhausting empezar lección		extremely tired
intense empezar lección		extreme and forceful or (of a feeling) very strong
stand clear empezar lección		to move a short distance away from something so that you are safe
stand out empezar lección		to be very noticeable
measures empezar lección		to judge the quality, effect, importance, or value of something
affective empezar lección		connected with the emotions
effective empezar lección		successful or achieving the results that you want
efficient empezar lección		working or operating quickly and effectively in an organized way
ineffective empezar lección		not producing the effects or results that are wanted
accused empezar lección		a person or people who may be guilty of a crime and who are being judged in a court of law
arrest empezar lección		If the police arrest someone, they take them away to ask them about a crime that they might have committed
charged empezar lección		to make a formal statement saying that someone is accused of a crime
convicted empezar lección		having officially been found guilty of a crime in a law court
interrogated empezar lección		to ask someone a lot of questions for a long time in order to get information, sometimes using threats or violence
parole empezar lección		permission for a prisoner to be released before their period in prison is finished, with the agreement that they will behave well
suspected empezar lección		believed to be guilty of a crime
try empezar lección		to examine a person accused of committing a crime in a law court by asking them questions and considering known facts, and then decide if they are guilty
barrister empezar lección		a type of lawyer in the UK, Australia, and some other countries who can give specialized legal advice and can argue a case in both higher and lower courts
counsel empezar lección		a lawyer or group of lawyers whose job is to speak for someone in a court of law
judge empezar lección		a person who is in charge of a trial in a court and decides how a person who is guilty of a crime should be punished, or who makes decisions on legal matters
solicitor empezar lección		a type of lawyer in Britain and Australia who is trained to prepare cases and give advice on legal subjects and can represent people in lower courts
dispute empezar lección		an argument or disagreement, especially an official one between, for example, workers and employers or two countries with a common border
settled empezar lección		stable
arbitration empezar lección		the process of solving an argument between people by helping them to agree to an acceptable solution
court empezar lección		a place where trials and other legal cases happen
election empezar lección		the process of voting to choose a winner
referee empezar lección		a person or organization that helps to find a fair answer to a disagreement
bear empezar lección		to hold or support something
possess empezar lección		to have
reflect empezar lección		to show, express, or be a sign of something
accuse empezar lección		to say that someone has done something morally wrong, illegal, or unkind
ensure empezar lección		to make something certain to happen
prove empezar lección		to show that something is true
autopsy empezar lección		the cutting open and examination of a dead body in order to discover the cause of death
inquiry empezar lección		(the process of asking) a question
interrogation empezar lección		a process of asking someone a lot of questions for a long time in order to get information, sometimes using threats or violence
covered empezar lección		protected
erased empezar lección		removed
hidden empezar lección		not easy to find
disturbance empezar lección		violence or trouble
demonstration empezar lección		an occasion when a group of people march or stand together to show that they disagree with or support something or someone
notice empezar lección		to bring someone to the attention of the public; information or a warning given about something that is going to happen in the future
summary empezar lección		a short, clear description that gives the main facts or ideas about something; done suddenly, without discussion or a legal process
deny empezar lección		to say that something is not true; to not allow someone to have or do something
refuse empezar lección		to say that you will not do or accept something
resist empezar lección		to fight against something or someone that is attacking you
testify empezar lección		give evidence as a witness in a law court.
on behalf empezar lección		in the interest of
passersby empezar lección		someone who is going past a particular place
deed empezar lección		an intentional act, especially a very bad or very good one
innocent empezar lección		(of a person) not guilty of a particular crime
lovely empezar lección		pleasant or enjoyable
natural empezar lección		(of a person or their behaviour) seeming normal and relaxed
pure empezar lección		behaving in a way that is morally good
discard empezar lección		to throw something away or get rid of it because you no longer want or need it
dismiss empezar lección		to decide that something or someone is not important and not worth considering
resigned empezar lección		accepting that something you do not like will happen because you cannot change it:
come into force empezar lección		to come into effect
crucial empezar lección		extremely important or necessary
forcible empezar lección		involving the use of physical power or violence
supreme empezar lección		having the highest rank, level, or importance
valuable empezar lección		very helpful or important; worth a lot of money
blame empezar lección		to say or think that a person or thing is responsible for something bad that has happened
cause empezar lección		the reason why something, especially something bad, happens
evil empezar lección		morally bad, cruel, or very unpleasant; wicked
fault empezar lección		a mistake, especially something for which you are to blame
barred empezar lección		blocked
deported empezar lección		forced to leave a country
exported empezar lección		Sent to another country for trade
intern empezar lección		to put someone in prison for political or military reasons, especially during a war
extradition empezar lección		the act of making someone return for trial to another country or state where they have been accused of doing something illegal
proceedings empezar lección		a series of events that happen in a planned and controlled way; legal action
trace empezar lección		a sign that something has happened or existed
oppress empezar lección		to govern people in an unfair and cruel way and prevent them from having opportunities and freedom
repress empezar lección		to hold back
suppress empezar lección		to end something by force
cross-examination empezar lección		the act of cross-examining (= asking detailed questions of) someone, especially a witness in a trial
content empezar lección		pleased with your situation and not hoping for change or improvement
glad empezar lección		happy
satisfied empezar lección		pleased because you have got what you wanted, or because something has happened in the way that you wanted
condemned empezar lección		A condemned person is someone who is going to be killed, especially as a punishment for having committed a very serious crime, such as murder
convinced empezar lección		certain of your beliefs
penalize empezar lección		to cause someone a disadvantage; to punish
outclass empezar lección		to be much better than someone or something
outnumber empezar lección		to be greater in number than someone or something
overcome empezar lección		to defeat or succeed in controlling or dealing with something
supersede empezar lección		to replace something, especially something older or more old-fashioned
the Inns of Court empezar lección		the four societies in London for students of law, one of which a barrister (= lawyer who argues cases in a law court) must belong to
prospective empezar lección		(adj) potential, in the future
willing empezar lección		agreeable and ready to do something
wishful empezar lección		having to do with wishes and not reality
case empezar lección		a matter to be decided by a judge in a law court
lawsuit empezar lección		a problem taken to a law court by an ordinary person or an organization rather than the police in order to obtain a legal decision
trial empezar lección		the hearing of statements and showing of objects, etc. in a law court to judge if a person is guilty of a crime or to decide a case or a legal matter
contradict empezar lección		to speak against; to say the opposite
decline empezar lección		decrease
take the words out of sb's mouth empezar lección		to say something that another person was just about to say or was thinking
affirm empezar lección		to state something as true
alleged empezar lección		said or thought by some people to be the stated bad or illegal thing, although you have no proof
announce empezar lección		to make something known or tell people about something officially
justice empezar lección		fairness in the way people are dealt with
punishment empezar lección		the act of punishing someone; rough treatment
pass sentence empezar lección		to say officially, as a judge, what a criminal's official punishment will be
verdict empezar lección		an opinion or decision made after judging the facts that are given, especially one made at the end of a trial
be in trouble empezar lección		a situation in which you experience problems, usually because of something you have done wrong or badly
strict empezar lección		strongly limiting someone's freedom to behave as they wish, or likely to severely punish someone if they do not obey
combine empezar lección		to (cause to) exist together, or join together to make a single thing or group
invent a story empezar lección		to make up a story
adjust empezar lección		to change something slightly, especially to make it more correct, effective, or suitable
coincide empezar lección		to be the same or similar
reconcile empezar lección		to find a way in which two situations or beliefs that are opposed to each other can agree and exist together
bear sb/sth out empezar lección		to support the truth of something
defendant empezar lección		a person in a law case who is accused of having done something illegal
obstacle empezar lección		something that blocks you so that movement, going forward, or action is prevented or made more difficult
regulation empezar lección		an official rule or the act of controlling something
restriction empezar lección		an official limit on something
veto empezar lección		an official power or right to refuse to accept or allow something
under arrest empezar lección		to be put in prison
accusation empezar lección		a statement saying that someone has done something morally wrong, illegal, or unkind, or the fact of accusing someone
basis empezar lección		the most important facts, ideas, etc. from which something is developed
foothold empezar lección		a strong first position from which further progress can be made
framework empezar lección		a system of rules, ideas, or beliefs that is used to plan or decide something
legal training empezar lección		education of individuals in the principles, practices, and theory of law (?) (aplikacja prawnicza)
convincingly empezar lección		in a way that is convincing (= making you believe that something is true or right)
capital punishment empezar lección		death penalty
corporal punishment empezar lección		physical punishment
eviction empezar lección		the act of forcing someone to leave somewhere, especially their home
heavy fine empezar lección		a large sum of money to pay
internment empezar lección		the act of putting someone in prison for political or military reasons, especially during a war
penal servitude empezar lección		being made to do specially hard work while in prison
prison sentence empezar lección		time that is spent in prison
probation empezar lección		a period of time when a criminal must behave well and not commit any more crimes in order to avoid being sent to prison
solitary confinement empezar lección		a punishment in which someone is kept in a room alone, usually in a prison
suspended sentence empezar lección		a punishment imposed only if you commit a further crime
austere empezar lección		very simple, with only the things that are absolutely necessary, especially because of severe limits on money or goods
severe empezar lección		causing very great pain, difficulty, worry, damage, etc.' very serious
vigorous empezar lección		done with power, force or energy
appeal empezar lección		a request made to a court of law or to someone in authority to change a previous decision
fined empezar lección		punished by making someone pay money for breaking a rule
ordered empezar lección		carefully arranged or controlled
penalized empezar lección		to punish someone for breaking a rule
ringleader empezar lección		the leader of a group of people who are doing something harmful or illegal
get off with empezar lección		avoid punishment
associate empezar lección		to connect someone or something in your mind with someone or something else
assume empezar lección		to accept something to be true without question or proof
assimilate empezar lección		to become part of a group
lenient empezar lección		not strict; generous
plead empezar lección		to make an urgent, emotional statement or request for something; to beg
bid empezar lección		to offer a particular amount of money for something that is for sale and compete against other people to buy it, especially at a public sale of goods or property
absolve empezar lección		(especially in religion or law) to free someone from guilt, blame, or responsibility for something
acquit empezar lección		to decide officially in a law court that someone is not guilty of a particular crime
pardoned empezar lección		forgiven
hardened empezar lección		no longer likely to change a bad way of life or feel sorry about it
remorse empezar lección		a feeling of sadness and being sorry for something you have done
penance empezar lección		an act that shows that you feel sorry about something that you have done, sometimes for religious reasons
pity empezar lección		a feeling of sadness or sympathy for someone else's unhappiness or difficult situation
reproach empezar lección		to criticize someone, especially for not being successful or not doing what is expected
a scrap of empezar lección		a small piece of something
legislature empezar lección		A group of people who have the power to make laws
panel empezar lección		a small group of people chosen to give advice, make a decision, or publicly discuss their opinions
juror empezar lección		a member of a jury
guilty empezar lección		responsible for breaking a law or doing something wrong
legal dispute empezar lección		an argument or disagreement between two or more parties to be resolved by the legal system
testimony empezar lección		(an example of) spoken or written statements that something is true, especially those given in a law court
laymen empezar lección		someone who is not trained in or does not have a detailed knowledge of a particular subject
courtroom empezar lección		a room in which trials or other legal cases are held
counsel by jury empezar lección		a jury decides the facts
jury empezar lección		a group of people who have been chosen to listen to all the facts in a trial in a law court and to decide if a person is guilty or not guilty, or if a claim has been proved
jury commissioner empezar lección		The court officer responsible for choosing the panel of persons to serve as potential jurors for a particular court term.
selected by lot empezar lección		method of randomly choosing people
applicable empezar lección		affecting or relating to a person or thing
beyond a reasonable doubt empezar lección		The standard of proof used in criminal cases.
impose empezar lección		to introduce a new law, tax, rule, or punishment
self-confessed empezar lección		admitting to having a characteristic that is considered to be bad or not acceptable
self-centered empezar lección		only interested in yourself and your own activities
self-conscious empezar lección		nervous or uncomfortable because you are worried about what people think about you or your actions
self-contained empezar lección		not needing or depending on other people
attack empezar lección		to try to hurt or defeat using violence
onslaught /ˈɑːn.slɑːt/ empezar lección		a very powerful attack
outcry empezar lección		a strong expression of anger and disapproval about something, made by a group of people or by the public
recrimination empezar lección		arguments between people who are blaming each other
keep to the straight and narrow empezar lección		to live an honest, decent life and not doing immoral or illegal things
resort empezar lección		the fact that you have to do something because there is no other way of achieving something
recourse empezar lección		using something or someone as a way of getting help, especially in a difficult or dangerous situation
resource empezar lección		a useful or valuable possession or quality of a country, organization, or person
retort empezar lección		to answer someone quickly in an angry or funny way
humane empezar lección		showing kindness, care, and sympathy towards others, especially those who are suffering
juvenile /ˈdʒuː.və.nəl/ empezar lección		relating to a young person who is not yet old enough to be considered an adult
delinquent empezar lección		a person, usually young, who behaves in a way that is illegal or not acceptable to most people
sinner empezar lección		a person who has broken a religious or moral law
villain empezar lección		a bad person who harms other people or breaks the law
inoffensive empezar lección		not causing any harm or offence
offensive empezar lección		causing offence
unoffending empezar lección		Causing no harm
unsuspicious empezar lección		trusting
squatter empezar lección		a person who lives in an empty building without permission
discharge empezar lección		to allow someone officially to leave somewhere, especially a hospital or a law court
ejection empezar lección		to force someone to leave a particular place
expulsion empezar lección		(the act of) forcing someone, or being forced, to leave a school, organization, or country
confess empezar lección		to admit that you have done something wrong or something that you feel guilty or bad about
corroborated empezar lección		to add proof to an account, statement, idea, etc. with new information
cite empezar lección		to mention something as proof for a theory or as a reason why something has happened
nominate empezar lección		to officially suggest someone for an election, job, position, or honour
quote empezar lección		to repeat the words that someone else has said or written
fabrication empezar lección		the act of inventing false information in order to deceive someone, or the false information itself
fantasy empezar lección		a pleasant situation that you enjoy thinking about but is unlikely to happen, or the activity of imagining things like this
a figment of somebody's imagination empezar lección		something that seems real but is not
figure empezar lección		to expect or think that something will happen
imagination empezar lección		something that you think exists or is true, although in fact it is not real or true
abandon empezar lección		to leave a place, thing, or person for ever
lift empezar lección		to end a rule or law
relinquish empezar lección		to give up something such as a responsibility or claim
surrender empezar lección		to stop fighting and admit defeat
ward of the court empezar lección		a person, esp a minor or one legally incapable of managing his or her own affairs, placed under the control or protection of a guardian or of a court
progeny empezar lección		the young or offspring of a person, animal, or plant
protege /ˈprɑː.t̬ə.ʒeɪ/ empezar lección		a young person who is helped and taught by an older and usually famous person
unambiguous /ˌʌn.æmˈbɪɡ.ju.əs/ empezar lección		expressed in a way that makes it completely clear what is meant
unanimous /juːˈnæn.ə.məs/ empezar lección		If a group of people are unanimous, they all agree about one particular matter or vote the same way, and if a decision or judgment is unanimous, it is formed or supported by everyone in a group
undivided empezar lección		existing as a whole, not in separate parts
united empezar lección		joined together as a group
in the light of empezar lección		because of
assessment empezar lección		the act of judging or deciding the amount, value, quality, or importance of something, or the judgment or decision that is made
conclusion empezar lección		the final part of something
interpretation empezar lección		an explanation or opinion of what something means
misappropriation empezar lección		the act of stealing something that you have been trusted to take care of and using it for yourself
mislay / misplace empezar lección		to lose something temporarily by forgetting where you have put it
mistake empezar lección		a bad or wrong decision; error
trivial empezar lección		unimportant
foolish empezar lección		unwise, stupid, or not showing good judgment
critical empezar lección		saying that someone or something is bad or wrong
momentous empezar lección		very important because of effects on future events
significant empezar lección		important or noticeable
indication empezar lección		a sign that something exists, is true, or is likely to happen
frown empezar lección		look of anger
foggy empezar lección		misty, you can't see very well in this weather
pursuer empezar lección		someone who is chasing you
moist empezar lección		damp or slightly wet
messy empezar lección		untidy or dirty
mild empezar lección		not very cold or not as cold as usual
avert empezar lección		to prevent
minimize empezar lección		to reduce something to the least possible level or amount
indecisive empezar lección		not good at making decisions
readily empezar lección		easily
abruptly empezar lección		in a sudden, unexpected, and sometimes unpleasant way
subtly empezar lección		in a way that is small and difficult to notice or describe, but important
compelled empezar lección		forced
beseech empezar lección		to ask for something in a way that shows you need it very much
insinuate empezar lección		to suggest indirectly
flatly empezar lección		without emotion
disgraced empezar lección		ashamed, embarrassed, mortified
phony empezar lección		not sincere or not real
tempted empezar lección		to want something or to want to do something
flee empezar lección		to run away
abide by empezar lección		to accept or obey an agreement, decision, or rule
victimless crime empezar lección		In a victimless crime no one suffers directly, sometimes because the people affected by the crime have agreed to take part in it
miscarriages of justice empezar lección		a situation in which someone is punished by the law courts for a crime that they have not committed
paid their debt to society empezar lección		to be punished for committing a crime
riot empezar lección		an occasion when a large number of people behave in a noisy, violent, and uncontrolled way in public, often as a protest
rally empezar lección		a public meeting of a large group of people, especially supporters of a particular opinion
impeachment empezar lección		the act of making a formal statement that a public official might be guilty of a serious offence in connection with his or her job, especially in the US
prior empezar lección		before a particular time or event
exhort empezar lección		to strongly encourage or try to persuade someone to do something
to march empezar lección		an event in which a large number of people walk through a public place to express their support for something, or their disagreement with or disapproval of something
Congress empezar lección		the elected group of politicians in the US who are responsible for making the law, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives
to certify empezar lección		to say in a formal or official way, usually in writing, that something is true or correct
democrat empezar lección		a person who believes in democracy
republican empezar lección		a person who supports or believes in representative government
Senate empezar lección		the group of politicians who have the most power to make laws in a government
trial empezar lección		the hearing of statements and showing of objects, etc. in a law court to judge if a person is guilty of a crime or to decide a case or a legal matter
win by a landslide empezar lección		the winning of an election with an extremely large number of votes
incitement empezar lección		the act of encouraging someone to do or feel something unpleasant or violent
the charge sheet empezar lección		an official document on which a police officer records the details of the crime a person is accused of
lower chamber empezar lección		one of the two parts that some parliaments are divided into, usually the one with more political power
preceding empezar lección		existing or happening before someone or something
the Joint Session empezar lección		When the House and Senate adopt a concurrent resolution to meet together to conduct formal business or to hear an address by the president of the United States
statement empezar lección		something that someone says or writes officially, or an action done to express an opinion
claim empezar lección		to say that something is true or is a fact, although you cannot prove it and other people might not believe it
widespread empezar lección		existing or happening in many places and/or among many people
federal official empezar lección		An individual who is employed by or represents any department or agency of the US Government
commence empezar lección		to begin something
the Ellipse empezar lección		President's Park South
reiterate empezar lección		to say something again, once or several times
echoing empezar lección		repeating
declare empezar lección		to announce something clearly, firmly, publicly, or officially
pace empezar lección		the speed at which someone or something moves, or with which something happens or changes
concede empezar lección		to admit, often unwillingly, that something is true
illegitimate empezar lección		not legal or fair
fight like hell empezar lección		To use all of one's power or effort to fight against something
wilfully empezar lección		in a way that is wilful (= intentional, or determined to do as you want)
foreseeable empezar lección		A foreseeable event or situation is one that can be known about or guessed before it happens.
the Capitol empezar lección		the building in which the US Congress meets
combat empezar lección		a fight, especially during a war
senator empezar lección		a politician who has been elected to a Senate
congressman empezar lección		a man who belongs to a congress, especially a member of the US House of Representatives
the First Amendment empezar lección		guarantees freedoms concerning religion, expression, assembly, and the right to petition.
infer empezar lección		to form an opinion or guess that something is true because of the information that you have
imminent empezar lección		coming or likely to happen very soon
rip things up empezar lección		to tear something into small pieces
the Supreme Court empezar lección		the most important law court in the US
counsel empezar lección		to give advice, especially on social or personal problems
prevail empezar lección		to get control or influence
remedy empezar lección		a successful way of curing an illness or dealing with a problem or difficulty
convicted empezar lección		having officially been found guilty of a crime in a law court
agonisingly empezar lección		in a way that causes extreme physical or mental pain
entitled empezar lección		feeling that you have the right to do or have what you want without having to work for it or deserve it, just because of who you are
dismissal empezar lección		an act by a judge of formally stopping a trial in a court of law
leeway empezar lección		freedom to act within particular limits
play out empezar lección		When a situation plays out, it happens and develops
inauguration empezar lección		the act of officially putting someone into an important position, or the ceremony at which this is done
conspiracy theory empezar lección		a belief that an event or situation is the result of a secret plan made by powerful people
confound empezar lección		to confuse and very much surprise someone, so that they are unable to explain or deal with a situation
deep state empezar lección		organizations such as military, police, or political groups that are said to work secretly in order to protect particular interests and to rule a country without being elected
day of reckoning empezar lección		a time when the effect of a past mistake is experienced or when a crime is punished
prominent empezar lección		very well known and important
elite /iˈliːt/ empezar lección		the richest, most powerful, best-educated, or best-trained group in a society
oath empezar lección		a promise, especially that you will tell the truth in a law court
seep empezar lección		to move or spread slowly out of a hole or through something
fracturing empezar lección		dividing an organization or society
right-wing empezar lección		the political right
irreparably empezar lección		in a way that is impossible to repair or make right again
extremist /ɪkˈstriː.mɪst/ empezar lección		someone who has beliefs that most people think are unreasonable and unacceptable
Neo-Nazi empezar lección		a member of an organization similar to the German Nazi Party.
capitalise empezar lección		to get as much out of a situation as possible; take advantage of
seek sb/sth out empezar lección		to look for someone or something, especially for a long time until you find him, her, or it
convert empezar lección		to (cause something or someone to) change in form or character
distraught empezar lección		extremely worried, nervous, or upset
sweep empezar lección		to move, especially quickly and powerfull, influence an area
keep faith empezar lección		to continue to support something or someone, or to do what you promised to do in a particular thing
reassure empezar lección		to comfort someone and stop them from worrying
evil deeds empezar lección		an intentional, very bad act
double down empezar lección		increase effors or focus
inmate empezar lección		a person who is kept in a prison or a hospital for people who are mentally ill
compound empezar lección		an area surrounded by fences or walls that contains a group of buildings
8chan and 8kun empezar lección		message boards filled with extreme language and views, violence and extreme sexual content on which Q posts
purveyor /pɚˈveɪ.ɚ/ empezar lección		a person or business that provides goods or services
chunk empezar lección		a part of something, especially a large part
steadfast empezar lección		staying the same for a long time and not changing quickly or unexpectedly
dupe empezar lección		to deceive someone, usually by making that person do something that they did not intend to do
cabal kəˈbɑːl/ empezar lección		a small group of people who plan secretly to take action, especially political action
outlet empezar lección		a way in which emotion or energy can be expressed or made use of
conspiratorial empezar lección		relating to a secret plan to do something bad, illegal, or against someone's wishes
mindset empezar lección		a person's way of thinking and their opinions
constitutional empezar lección		allowed by or contained in a constitution
constitutionality empezar lección		the quality of being allowed by or contained in a constitution
impending empezar lección		used to refer to an event, usually something unpleasant or unwanted, that is going to happen soon
the House empezar lección		the members of the organization that makes laws
circuit court empezar lección		a court that tries cases in different places within the area under its authority
the Constitution empezar lección		the set of political principles by which a state or organization is governed, especially in relation to the rights of the people it governs
the incumbent president empezar lección		current president
bogus empezar lección		false, not real, or not legal
legal expert empezar lección		a professional in questions to do with the law
former president empezar lección		previous president
Under the Constitution empezar lección		accordingly to the Constitution
treason empezar lección		(the crime of) showing no loyalty to your country, especially by helping its enemies or trying to defeat its government
bribery empezar lección		an attempt to make someone do something for you by giving the person money, presents, or something else that they want
misdemeanor empezar lección		a crime considered to be one of the less serious types of crime
precedent empezar lección		an action, situation, or decision that has already happened and can be used as a reason why a similar action or decision should be performed or made
scholar empezar lección		a learned person
op-ed /ˌɑːpˈed/ empezar lección		used to describe a piece of writing that expresses a personal opinion and is usually printed in a newspaper opposite the page on which the editorial is printed
respectively empezar lección		in a way that relates or belongs to each of the separate people or things you have just mentioned
subsequently empezar lección		after something else
disqualify empezar lección		to officially stop someone from being in a competition or doing something because they are not suitable or they have done something wrong
tribe empezar lección		a group of people, often of related families, who live together, sharing the same language, culture, and history, especially those who do not live in towns or cities
have a bearing on sth empezar lección		to have an influence on something or a relationship to something
barred empezar lección		blocked
the primary evidence empezar lección		The best evidence that the circumstances admit; original or firsthand evidence that affords the greatest certainty of the matter in question
the gavel empezar lección		a small hammer that an official in charge of a meeting hits against a wooden block or table to get people to be quiet and listen
litigation /ˌlɪt̬.əˈɡeɪ.ʃən/ empezar lección		the process of taking a case to a court of law so that a judgment can be made
jurisdiction empezar lección		the authority of a court or official organization to make decisions and judgments
acquit empezar lección		to decide officially in a law court that someone is not guilty of a particular crime
abrupt empezar lección		sudden and unexpected, and often unpleasant
landing card empezar lección		form with your personal details and date of arrival
customs declaration form empezar lección		form showing how much money and what goods are you carrying
vaccination certificate empezar lección		paper proving you have had the necessary health injections
entry restrictions empezar lección		rules about who can enter a country and for how long
spot check / random check empezar lección		checks done without warning
sniffer dogs empezar lección		specially trained dogs who can smell drugs and bombs
clear customs empezar lección		take your bags through customs
port of entry empezar lección		the port or airport where you first enter a country
political asylum empezar lección		permission to stay in another country to avoid political persecution back home
economic migrants empezar lección		people who try to enter from poorer countries just to get work
traffic offence empezar lección		breaking the rules of the road and driving
fixed penalty empezar lección		fixed sum payable for a particular offence
on-the-spot fine empezar lección		fine payable at the time and place that you commit the offence
parking ticket empezar lección		paper placed on driver's windscreen fining them for illegal parking
breathalyser empezar lección		an instrument which you blow into that shows if you have consumed alcohol recently
make a statement empezar lección		say what happened and sign a copy of it
stop-and-search power empezar lección		power to stop people and search them in the street
surveillance cameras empezar lección		cameras that record everything that happens
surveillance /sɚˈveɪ.ləns/ empezar lección		the careful watching of a person or place, especially by the police or army, because of a crime that has happened or is expected
search warrant empezar lección		official permission from a judge or magistrate to search your house
magistrate empezar lección		a person who acts as a judge in a law court that deals with crimes that are less serious
security forces empezar lección		often a name for the army and police together enforcing the law
plain clothes/undercover police empezar lección		police who don't wear uniform
paramilitary police empezar lección		police who are more like soldiers than civilian police officers
drug squad empezar lección		police specially trained to fight the illegal drug trade
anti-corruption squad empezar lección		police specially trained to discover and fight bribery
spot check empezar lección		to check or inspect something in an irregular way
lorries (lorry) empezar lección		a truck; a large road vehicle that is used for transporting goods
drink-driving empezar lección		driving after you have drunk some alcohol
to tap sb's phone empezar lección		to listen to sb's phone calls without them knowing about it
power to stop and search empezar lección		power to stop people and search them in the street
(to carry out) surveillance operation empezar lección		the art of monitoring a target or subject's activities through observation and close watch
(to set up) a roadblock empezar lección		a temporary structure put across a road to stop traffic
photofit picture empezar lección		computer-generated picture that represents as closely as possible a person's memory of a criminal's face, made by putting together photographs of eyes, nose, hair, etc. from a set showing different types of features
windscreen empezar lección		windshield (US)
a witness TO sth empezar lección		świadek
stowaway empezar lección		a person who hides aboard a ship or plane in the hope of getting free passage
a person who is being trafficed through a border empezar lección		a person who is being trafficed through a border
plant sth (drugs) on someone empezar lección		To place and conceal something in or among someone's possessions or clothing without their knowledge or permission.
the death penalty empezar lección		the legal punishment of death for a crime
humane empezar lección		showing kindness, care, and sympathy towards others, especially those who are suffering
to botch sth empezar lección		to spoil something by doing it badly
prolonged empezar lección		continuing for a long time
condemn sb to (do) sth empezar lección		to say what the punishment of someone who has committed a serious crime will be
lethal injection empezar lección		an injection of a drug that kills someone, especially as a punishment for committing a crime
disturbing empezar lección		making you feel worried or upset
to struggle to do sth empezar lección		to experience difficulty and make a very great effort in order to do something
death chamber / execution chamber empezar lección		a room or chamber in which capital punishment is carried out
to liken sth to sth empezar lección		to say that someone is similar to or has the same qualities as someone else
to snore empezar lección		to breathe in a very noisy way while you are sleeping
experimental empezar lección		relating to tests, especially scientific ones
using or based on new ideas empezar lección		using or based on new ideas
to file an appeal empezar lección		to officially record a request made to a court of law or to someone in authority to change a previous decision
to file empezar lección		to officially record something, especially in a law court
appeal empezar lección		a request made to a court of law or to someone in authority to change a previous decision
emergency appeal empezar lección		emergency appeal
an attorney (US) empezar lección		a lawyer
an inmate empezar lección		a person who is kept in a prison or a hospital for people who are mentally ill
a stay (of execution) empezar lección		an order by a court to temporarily stop an action or an earlier court decision being carried out
to writhe empezar lección		to make large twisting movements with the body
a gurney empezar lección		a light bed on wheels, used to move patients in a hospital
to scramble to do sth empezar lección		to hurry or try very hard to get sth, often competing with other people
to put a stop to sth empezar lección		to stop an unpleasant, unwanted activity or habit from continuing
to pass away empezar lección		to die
excruciating empezar lección		extremely painful
a pool of blood empezar lección		a small area of blood
a deterrent /dɪˈter.ənt/ empezar lección		something that deters people from doing something
to languish empezar lección		to exist in an unpleasant or unwanted situation, often for a long time
stooped to someone's level empezar lección		to behave as badly as someone who has treated one wrongly
sentence empezar lección		a punishment given by a judge in court to a person or organization after they have been found guilty of doing something wrong
stooped empezar lección		with the the top half of the body bent forward and down
heinous empezar lección		very bad and shocking
abolish empezar lección		to end an activity or custom officially
to tap someone's phone empezar lección		to tap means to listen to phone calls without the people involved knowing
on death row empezar lección		in prison and waiting to be killed as a punishment for a crime
to retract a confession empezar lección		to take back a confession or to admit that a statement was false
(to be) on the fence empezar lección		not able to decide something
hanging empezar lección		the act of killing someone, especially as a punishment for a serious crime, by dropping that person with a rope tied around their neck
firing squad empezar lección		Group of soldiers set to kill a prisoner as a punishment
stoning empezar lección		to kill someone as a punishment by throwing stones at them
to be crucified empezar lección		to be killed by tying or fastening with nails to a cross and left there to die
decapitation empezar lección		beheading
burn at the stake empezar lección		to be tied to a wooden pole and burnt to death as a punishment
coctail empezar lección		a mixture of different things, often an unexpected, dangerous, or exciting one
A misscarriage of justice empezar lección		a situation in which someone is punished by the law courts for a crime that they have not committed
fitting penalty empezar lección		appropriate, proper, suitable punishment
covering letter empezar lección		a letter that you send with something, to explain what you are sending or to give extra information
career path empezar lección		the way that you progress in your work, either in one job or in a series of jobs
promotion prospects empezar lección		chances of getting a promotion
claim form empezar lección		an official document that you use to request an amount of money from an organization, when you think you are owed it
reimburse empezar lección		to pay back money to someone who has spent it for you or lost it because of you
travel expenses empezar lección		money that your employer pays you because you are spending that amount on travel that is necessary for your work
working conditions empezar lección		the environment of the workplace
job description empezar lección		a list of the responsibilities that you have and the duties that you are expected to perform in your work
favourable empezar lección		showing that you like or approve of someone or something; positive
trial period empezar lección		a period of time during which someone or something is tested
sick pay empezar lección		money given by an employer to someone who cannot work because of illness
pension scheme empezar lección		a system for saving money for your retirement
graduate empezar lección		a person who has a first degree from a university or college
extra time empezar lección		a period of time in a sports game in which play continues if neither team has won in the usual time allowed for the game
supplementary empezar lección		additional
overtime empezar lección		(time spent working) after the usual time needed or expected in a job
double time empezar lección		twice the usual rate of pay for a job
sheer empezar lección		used to emphasize how very great, important, or powerful a quality or feeling is; nothing except
labour empezar lección		practical work, especially when it involves hard physical effort
industry empezar lección		the companies and activities involved in the process of producing goods for sale, especially in a factory or special area
forefront empezar lección		the most noticeable or important position
main empezar lección		larger, more important, or having more influence than others of the same type
principal empezar lección		first in order of importance
leading empezar lección		very important or most important
odds empezar lección		the probability that a particular thing will or will not happen
opportunity empezar lección		a chance to do something
likelihood empezar lección		the chance that something will happen
vocation empezar lección		a type of work that you feel you are suited to doing and to which you should give all your time and energy, or the feeling that a type of work suits you in this way
vacancy empezar lección		a job that no one is doing and is therefore available for someone new to do
employment empezar lección		the fact of someone being paid to work for a company or organization
steady empezar lección		constant
takeover empezar lección		a situation in which a company gets control of another company by buying enough of its shares
resignation empezar lección		the act of telling your employer that you are leaving your job
notification empezar lección		the act of telling someone officially about something, or a document, etc. that does this
retirement empezar lección		the act of leaving your job and stopping working, usually because you are old
dismissal empezar lección		the situation in which an employer officially makes someone leave their job
productivity empezar lección		the rate at which a company or country makes goods
substantial empezar lección		large in size, value, or importance
investment empezar lección		the action or process of investing money for profit or material result.
qualification empezar lección		an official record showing that you have finished a training course or have the necessary skills
expertise empezar lección		a high level of knowledge or skill
industrial action empezar lección		an occasion when workers do something that is intended to force an employer to agree to something, especially by stopping work
dispute empezar lección		an argument or disagreement, especially an official one between, for example, workers and employers
representative empezar lección		someone who speaks or does something officially for another person or group of people
economize empezar lección		to try to save money by reducing the amount that you are spending
streamlined empezar lección		improved or made simpler
clarified empezar lección		made clear
executive empezar lección		someone in a high position, especially in business, who makes decisions and puts them into action
foreman empezar lección		a skilled person with experience who is in charge of and watches over a group of workers
manufacturer empezar lección		a company that produces goods in large numbers
trainee empezar lección		a person who is learning and practising the skills of a particular job
agent empezar lección		a person who acts for or represents another
industrialist empezar lección		an owner or an employee in a high position in industry
labourer empezar lección		a person who does unskilled physical work, especially outside
dealer empezar lección		a person who trades in something
headhunt empezar lección		to persuade someone to leave their job by offering that person another job with more pay and a higher position
tether empezar lección		a rope or chain used to tie, especially an animal, to a post or other fixed place, usually so that it can move freely within a small area
the sack empezar lección		a situation in which someone is removed from their job
grindstone empezar lección		a large, round stone that is turned by a machine and is used to make tools sharper or sharp edges smooth
golden handshake empezar lección		a usually large payment made to people when they leave their job
on the go empezar lección		very busy
overlook empezar lección		to fail to notice or consider something or someone
keep someone on their toes empezar lección		to cause or force someone to be alert and ready for anything that might happen
complacent /kəmˈpleɪ.sənt/ empezar lección		feeling so satisfied with your own abilities or situation that you feel you do not need to try any harder
right up your street/alley empezar lección		to be the type of thing that you are interested in or that you enjoy doing
glass ceiling empezar lección		a point after which you cannot go any further, usually in improving your position at work
living wage empezar lección		money you earn from your job that is enough to pay for the things you need to live, such as food and a home
minimum wage empezar lección		the smallest amount of money that employers are legally allowed to pay someone who works for them
whistleblower empezar lección		a person who tells someone in authority about something illegal that is happening, especially in a government department or a company
cope with empezar lección		to deal successfully with a difficult situation or job
vanishing empezar lección		beginning to disappear
cease to exist empezar lección		stop existing forever, to stop happening or continuing
economical empezar lección		not costing or spending much money
economics empezar lección		the study of the way that goods and services are produced and sold and the way money is managed
(unc.) empezar lección		(unc.)
economic empezar lección		relating to the economy of a particular country or region
economy empezar lección		the system by which a country's trade, industry, and money are organized (countable)
familiar empezar lección		well known to you, or easily recognized by you
replaced by empezar lección		to take the place of something that was there before
linked empezar lección		if people, things, or events are linked, they are related to each other in some way
key in sth empezar lección		to enter information into a computer or other device using a keyboard or buttons:
dig deep empezar lección		to manage to find a lot of money for something
handprint empezar lección		a mark left by someone's hand
instance empezar lección		a particular situation, event, or fact, especially an example of something that happens generally
attached empezar lección		joined or fixed to something
pocket money empezar lección		money that parents regularly give to their children
capacity empezar lección		the amount of something that can be put in a container, or the number of people that a place has room for
capability empezar lección		the ability to do something
sheer empezar lección		used for emphasizing the amount or degree of something
complete empezar lección		used for emphasizing that someone or something has a particular quality
He's a complete idiot! empezar lección		He's a complete idiot!
spending power empezar lección		the degree to which people have money to buy products and services
downright empezar lección		completely or extremely: used for emphasizing how bad someone or something is
She was downright rude! empezar lección		She was downright rude!
rattling empezar lección		a sound similar to a series of quickly repeated knocks
haggle empezar lección		to argue in order to agree on the price of something
have a nest-egg empezar lección		to have some savings
expenditure empezar lección		An amount of money spent.
to be in debt empezar lección		to owe money to someone
thrifty empezar lección		careful about how you spend money so that you do not waste any
to be paid on commission empezar lección		an extra amount of money that you earn in your job every time you sell a product or get a new customer
We lend money empezar lección		We let people borrow from us
wage empezar lección		an amount of money that you earn for working, usually according to how many hours or days you work each week or month
salary empezar lección		a fixed amount of money that you earn each month or year from your job
current account empezar lección		a bank account that you can take money out of whenever you want using a cheque or a cash card. The American word is checking account.
household bills empezar lección		bills such as gas or water
savings account empezar lección		a bank account that earns interest
(earn) interest empezar lección		money that you receive from an institution such as a bank when you keep money in an account there
rate empezar lección		an amount of money that is paid or charged
down payment empezar lección		a first payment that you make when you are buying something and are going to pay the rest later
(monthly) instalments empezar lección		one of several payments that an amount is divided into, so that you do not have to pay the whole amount at one time
stock market empezar lección		the activities connected with buying and selling shares in companies
= stock exchange empezar lección		= stock exchange
business venture empezar lección		a new business or business activity, especially one that involves risk
fall through empezar lección		fail to happen
raise capital empezar lección		get money to put into a business
tax return empezar lección		form used to file income taxes
(a form that some people must fill in to give information about how much they have earned in a year) empezar lección		(a form that some people must fill in to give information about how much they have earned in a year)
self-employed empezar lección		working for yourself
grant empezar lección		an amount of money that the government or an organization gives you for a specific purpose and does not ask you to pay back. (Money that you have to pay back is called a loan)
scholarship empezar lección		COUNTABLE an amount of money that an organization gives to someone so that they can study at a particular school or university
subsidy empezar lección		an amount of money that the government or another organization pays to help to reduce the cost of a product or service
fetch empezar lección		to be sold for a particular amount of money, especially at an auction
take out empezar lección		to get something officially, especially from an insurance company, bank, or law court
withdraw empezar lección		to take money from a bank account
receipts empezar lección		the total amount of money that a business or organization receives in a particular period of time
takings empezar lección		all the money that a business gets from selling things
prosperous empezar lección		rich and successful
fortunate empezar lección		lucky
wealthy empezar lección		very rich
costly empezar lección		expensive, especially too expensive
priceless empezar lección		too valuable to be measured by price
valueless empezar lección		without worth
worthless empezar lección		without value; not worth anything
settle empezar lección		to pay all the money that you owe to a particular person or company
fall in value empezar lección		depreciate
come into a fortune empezar lección		to get some money unexpectedly, usually by inheritance
invest empezar lección		to use your money with the aim of making a profit from it, for example by buying property or buying shares in a company
made redundant empezar lección		to lose your job because the company has no longer work available for you
qualified for early retirement empezar lección		...
booming business empezar lección		experiencing a period of economic success, with a lot of trade and business activity
to be declared bankrupt empezar lección		bankrupt has officially admitted that they have no money and cannot pay what they owe
account empezar lección		an arrangement in which a bank looks after your money. You can deposit (=put in) or withdraw (=take out) money when you need to
acordingly empezar lección		in a way that is suitable or right for the situation
make a wise investment empezar lección		to invest your money in a good way
competitive (loan) empezar lección		offering goods or services at cheaper prices than other companies
mortgage /ˈmɔː(r)ɡɪdʒ/ empezar lección		a legal agreement in which you borrow money from a bank in order to buy a house. You pay back your ... by making monthly payments
on the market empezar lección		available for sale
(maintain account) in credit empezar lección		to have more money in an account than the amount that you have taken out
financial advice empezar lección		Information, advice, and assistance with a wide range of financial topics.
free of charge empezar lección		without payment
stocks empezar lección		money that people invest in the government, producing a fixed rate of interest
share empezar lección		one of the equal parts of a company that you can buy as a way of investing money
currency empezar lección		the system of money used in a particular country
enterprise empezar lección		an organization, especially a business, or a difficult and important plan, especially one that will earn money
free enterprise empezar lección		an economic system in which private businesses compete with each other to sell goods and services in order to make a profit, and in which government control is limited to protecting the public and running the economy
firmly empezar lección		used for saying that an idea, feeling etc is fixed and unlikely to change
asking price empezar lección		the price that someone wants for something they are selling
pension fund empezar lección		money that employees of a company pay regularly to be invested to provide them with a pension when they are older
insurance claim empezar lección		formal request to the insurance company for reimbursement for a loss or accident
sales figures empezar lección		a report of the income a company generates through sales of products or services
raise a loan empezar lección		to take OUT a loan
credit rating empezar lección		financial information about someone that a bank or shop uses for deciding whether to lend them money or to give them credit
take over empezar lección		to take control of something
independent financial adviser empezar lección		a person who gives advice about and sells investments, insurance and other financial products but who does not work for a bank or insurance company
concerning empezar lección		about a particular subject
inconvenience empezar lección		an annoying problem or situation, especially one that forces you to make an extra effort to do something
endeavour /ɪnˈdevə(r)/ empezar lección		an effort to do something, especially something new or difficult
time slot empezar lección		a time when something can happen or is planned to happen, especially when it is one of several possible times
invoice empezar lección		a document giving details of goods or services that someone has bought and must pay for
delayed empezar lección		later than is planned or expected
dispatch empezar lección		to send someone or something somewhere
maintain empezar lección		to make something stay the same
goodwill gesture empezar lección		a feeling of wanting to be friendly and helpful to someone
deducting empezar lección		to take an amount or number from a total
cheque empezar lección		a piece of printed paper that you can use instead of money to pay for things.
enclosed empezar lección		sent in an envelope with a letter
appreciate empezar lección		to be grateful for something
acknowledgement empezar lección		a letter telling you that someone has received something you sent them
freepost empezar lección		a system in the UK by which businesses pay the charges for letters that their customers send to them
consult sb about sth empezar lección		...
volatile explosive empezar lección		highly unstable unpredictable
subsidy empezar lección		an amount of money that the government or another organization pays to help to reduce the cost of a product or service
allowance empezar lección		an amount of money that someone receives regularly, in order to pay for the things they need
fine empezar lección		an amount of money that you have to pay because you have broken the law
grant empezar lección		an amount of money that the government or an organization gives you for a specific purpose and does not ask you to pay back.
pension empezar lección		money that someone regularly receives after they have stopped working because of their age, paid either by their company or by the government
exceed empezar lección		to go or be beyond the limit or expectations
target empezar lección		aim, goal
bonus empezar lección		extra money that you are paid in addition to your usual salary
donation empezar lección		money or goods that you give to an organization, especially one that helps people
gratuity empezar lección		a small amount of money that you give to someone to thank them for doing something for you
premium empezar lección		an amount of money that you pay regularly for an insurance policy
income tax empezar lección		tax on earnings
annual income empezar lección		The total amount of income an individual earns in a year from working, interest income, dividends, gifts, and so forth.
expenditure empezar lección		money spent by a government, organization, or person
expense /ɪkˈspens/ empezar lección		an amount of money that you spend in order to buy or do something
price empezar lección		The amount of money exchanged for a good or service
penalty empezar lección		a punishment for breaking a rule or law
ransom empezar lección		the amount of money that someone wants to be paid before they will let a person who they are keeping prisoner go free
reward empezar lección		prize
aid empezar lección		money, food, or other help that an organization or government gives to a country or area where people need it, for example because of a war or flood
loan empezar lección		an amount of money that a person, business, or country borrows, especially from a bank
supplement empezar lección		to add extra money to the amount that you normally earn
implement empezar lección		to make something such as an idea, plan, system, or law start to work and be used
commission empezar lección		an amount of money that you earn in your job every time you sell a product or get a new customer
provision empezar lección		the act of providing something that someone needs
fee empezar lección		money that you pay to a professional person or institution for their work
income empezar lección		money that someone gets from working or from investing money
bear to empezar lección		tolerate
give in empezar lección		to stop competing or arguing and accept that you cannot win
let out empezar lección		to allow a person or animal to leave a place
part with empezar lección		to give something to someone although you would prefer to keep it
pay off empezar lección		if something that you do pays off, it brings you some benefit
bulk empezar lección		something that is very large, wide, and solid
gross /ɡrəʊs/ empezar lección		a gross amount of money is the total amount before taxes or costs have been taken out
mass empezar lección		a large quantity or number
wholesale /ˈhoʊl.seɪl/ empezar lección		relating to the business of selling large quantities of goods, especially to people who are going to sell them in a shop / hutrownia
net income empezar lección		income that is left after tax has been paid)
alter empezar lección		to change or modify
to cash empezar lección		to exchange a cheque for its value in notes and coins
a postal order (UK), a money order(US) empezar lección		an official piece of paper with an amount of money written on it that you can send or give to someone who can then exchange it for the same amount of money at a post office
penniless empezar lección		without money; poor
well deserved empezar lección		that someone completely deserves to have because of the way they have behaved or the qualities they have
well off empezar lección		rich, wealthy
spare sth for empezar lección		available to be shared, or given to someone, because it is additional to what you need for yourself
provide empezar lección		to give someone something that they want or need
exemption empezar lección		permission to ignore something such as a rule, obligation, or payment
concern empezar lección		to worry
impose empezar lección		to introduce something such as a new law or new system, and force people to accept it
regard empezar lección		to think of someone or something in a particular way
benefit empezar lección		advantage
winning empezar lección		used about things that make someone attractive or successful
permit empezar lección		an official document that gives you permission to do something
estimates empezar lección		an amount that you guess or calculate using the information available
receipts empezar lección		a document that you get from someone showing that you have given them money or goods
salary empezar lección		A fixed amount of money paid to an employee, usually worker of the higher rank
wage empezar lección		An amount of money paid to an employee at a specific rate per hour worked.
alimony empezar lección		payments made regularly to an ex-spouse after divorce
upkeep empezar lección		maintenance
duty empezar lección		import tax
interest empezar lección		money that a person or institution such as a bank charges you for lending you money
fare empezar lección		the money that you pay for a journey
to deposit empezar lección		to put money into an account
government bonds empezar lección		a document given to someone who invests money in a government or company, promising to pay back the money with interest
saving account empezar lección		a bank account that earns interest
beads empezar lección		little round jewelery for necklaces and bracelets
cattle empezar lección		cows and bulls kept by farmers for their milk or meat.
exchange rate empezar lección		the value of the money of one country when you change it into the money of another country
a deposit empezar lección		a first payment that you make when you agree to buy something expensive such as a car or house. The rest of the money that you pay later is called the balance
dividend empezar lección		a share of the profits of a company, paid once or twice a year to the people who own the company's shares
legacy empezar lección		an amount of money or property left to someone in a will
overdraft empezar lección		an agreement with your bank that allows you to spend money when you have no money left in your account
royalties empezar lección		a payment that someone such as a writer or musician gets each time their work is sold or performed
shareholder empezar lección		an owner of shares in a company
going rate empezar lección		the usual amount of money that people are paying for something
tax relief empezar lección		The payment of less tax
assistance empezar lección		help or support
clasp empezar lección		to hold someone or something tightly with your hand
grasp empezar lección		hold firmly
seize empezar lección		to gain control in a situation
tackle empezar lección		to make an organized and determined attempt to deal with a problem, often a social problem such as crime or unemployment
inheritance empezar lección		property or money that you receive from someone when they die
dowry empezar lección		money and property that, in some cultures, a woman's family gives to her husband when they get married
heirloom /ˈer.luːm/ empezar lección		a valuable or special possession that has belonged to a family for many years
heritage empezar lección		legacy or tradition
assets empezar lección		something such as money or property that a person or company owns
abundance empezar lección		a very large quantity of something
overflow empezar lección		an extra amount of people or things that do not fit into a particular space
surplus /ˈsɝː.pləs/ empezar lección		more of something than is necessary
contribution empezar lección		a regular payment that you make when you are working that helps to pay for your pension or for benefits for people who are unemployed or ill
tribute empezar lección		to say or do something that shows you respect and admire someone a lot
subscription empezar lección		an agreement to pay an amount of money so that you will receive something such as a magazine or a service.
unscrupulous empezar lección		having or showing no moral principles; not honest or fair
fall prey to empezar lección		become a victim of
sacrifice empezar lección		something given up for the sake of another
scapegoat empezar lección		someone who is blamed for something that is not their fault, especially because someone else wants to avoid being blamed
windfall empezar lección		an amount of money that you get when you are not expecting it, especially a large amount
striking empezar lección		attracting your interest or attention because of some unusual feature
stringent empezar lección		stringent rules or conditions are strict and make you achieve high standards
substantial empezar lección		of considerable importance, size, or worth
palpable empezar lección		obvious or very easily noticed
tangible empezar lección		important and noticeable; something that is tangible is something that you can touch
split the difference empezar lección		to do, give, or take an amount of something that is between two other amounts, often as a way of reaching an agreement
mint empezar lección		to make a coin from metal
mould empezar lección		to give something a particular shape or form
dole queue empezar lección		the number of people who do not have a job and who are receiving money from the government
liable for empezar lección		legally responsible for
hurl empezar lección		to throw something using a lot of force
lob empezar lección		to throw something so that it goes high into the air
toss empezar lección		to throw something somewhere gently or in a slightly careless way
wide of the mark empezar lección		incorrect
broad empezar lección		very wide
distant empezar lección		far away
Western World empezar lección		Any part of the world to the west of one's own region; applied specifically to the Americas and the Caribbean, or to Europe, as opposed to the Middle East and Orient.
deviation empezar lección		the action of doing something that is different from the usual or common way of behaving
differentiation empezar lección		the act of showing or finding difference between things that are compared
distance empezar lección		the amount of space between two places
per annum empezar lección		by the year; annually
annex empezar lección		1. to take possession of an area of land or a country and add it to a larger area, usually by force
2. an addition to a building, or another building, used with an existing building empezar lección		2. an addition to a building, or another building, used with an existing building
3. an addition to a document or report empezar lección		3. an addition to a document or report
increment empezar lección		one of a series of increases
prize empezar lección		something valuable, such as an amount of money, that is given to someone who succeeds in a competition or game or that is given to someone as a reward for doing very good work
subsidise empezar lección		to pay part of the cost of something
contribute empezar lección		to give something, especially money, in order to provide or achieve something together with other people
endow empezar lección		to give a large amount of money to pay for creating a college, hospital, etc. or to provide an income for it
deduction empezar lección		the process of reaching a decision or answer by thinking about the known facts, or the decision that is reached
discount empezar lección		a reduction in the usual price
rebate empezar lección		an amount of money that is returned to you, especially by the government, for example when you have paid too much tax
share price empezar lección		the price of a particular company's shares
the Stock Exchange empezar lección		a place where shares in companies are bought and sold, or the organization of people whose job is to do this buying or selling
plunge empezar lección		to (cause someone or something to) move or fall suddenly and often a long way forward, down, or into something
recover empezar lección		to become successful or normal again after being damaged or having problems
regain empezar lección		to reach or return to a place, especially after difficulty or danger
restore empezar lección		to return something or someone to an earlier good condition or position
retrieve empezar lección		to find and bring back something
bankrupt empezar lección		unable to pay what you owe, and having had control of your financial matters given, by a law court, to a person who sells your property to pay your debts; having no money
charge empezar lección		to ask an amount of money for something, especially a service or activity
liability empezar lección		debts
promise empezar lección		to tell someone that you will certainly do something
capital empezar lección		money and possessions, especially a large amount of money used for producing more wealth or for starting a new business
bound up empezar lección		closely connected or involved
knotted empezar lección		joined by having been tied together in a knot, or containing a knot or knots
lock up empezar lección		an agreement or period of time during which someone cannot get back the money they have invested
tie up something empezar lección		to limit someone's or something's movement or use
tax refund empezar lección		money you recieve when you overpaid your taxes
creditor empezar lección		a person or company that is owed money by another person or company
child support (BrE) child maintenance (AmE) empezar lección		money that you pay to your ex-wife or ex-husband to help your children after you are divorced
to be overdrown empezar lección		if you are overdrawn, or if your bank account is overdrawn, you owe your bank money that you have spent when there was no money in your account
to hoard money empezar lección		to have a large amount
tax evasion empezar lección		the use of illegal methods to pay less tax or to pay no tax at all
subsidiary empezar lección		a company that is owned by a larger company
demographic timebomb empezar lección		a predicted shortage of school-leavers and consequently of available workers, caused by an earlier drop in the birth rate, resulting in an older workforce
egalitarian empezar lección		supporting a social system in which everyone has equal status and the same money and opportunities
to draw money out empezar lección		to take your money form your bank account
obtain empezar lección		to get
deficit empezar lección		A deficiency or lack of something
deterioration empezar lección		the process of becoming worse than before
devaluation empezar lección		an official reduction in the value of a country's money
specimen signature empezar lección		a copy of your name written by yourself that a bank or other organization keeps so that they can be sure that your name on a cheque or other document was also written by you:
cater empezar lección		to provide food and drinks at an event
subtract empezar lección		to take away a small part of something
branch empezar lección		part of organisation
quarter empezar lección		a part of a town where you find particular buildings, activities, or people
the Chinese quarter of the city empezar lección		the Chinese quarter of the city
assure empezar lección		to tell someone that something will definitely happen or is definitely true, especially in order to remove doubt about it
ensure empezar lección		to make something certain to happen
insure empezar lección		to protect yourself against risk by regularly paying a special company that will provide a fixed amount of money if you are killed or injured or if your home or possessions are damaged, destroyed, or stolen
extract empezar lección		to remove a substance from another substance
encased empezar lección		to cover or enclose something completely:
The medal was encased in clear plastic. empezar lección		The medal was encased in clear plastic.
a form of identification empezar lección		a document that can prove your identity
safekeeping empezar lección		the act of protecting something
lender/creditor empezar lección		an organization or person that lends money.
borrower/debtor [ˈdetə(r)] empezar lección		person who borrows money or uses credit
sliding scale empezar lección		a system of making payments or paying taxes where the amount that you pay changes according to a fixed set of rates
gauge empezar lección		to make a judgment or guess about a situation, action, or person based on the information that you have
I failed to gaug empezar lección		I failed to gaug
enquiries empezar lección		a question intended to get information about someone or something
arouse empezar lección		to cause an emotion or attitude
elicit empezar lección		to make someone react in the way that you want
extort empezar lección		to illegally get money or information from someone by using force or threats
financial backing empezar lección		support in the form of money
cash flow empezar lección		the difference between cash coming in and cash going out of a business
cashing up empezar lección		to count and check all the money that a shop has received in a day
petty cash empezar lección		a small amount of money in coins or notes that a business or organization keeps available to pay for small things
overdue empezar lección		a payment that is overdue should have been paid before now
indebted empezar lección		owing money
unbalanced empezar lección		mentally ill
counterfeit empezar lección		illegal copies made in order to trick people
mimic empezar lección		o copy someone's voice, behaviour, or appearance, especially in order to make people laugh or to make someone feel annoyed or embarrassed
mock empezar lección		not real but intended to look or seem real
takes your fancy empezar lección		you like it, or you want to have or do it
to beat sb up empezar lección		to hurt someone badly by hitting or kicking them repeatedly
to toil empezar lección		to work hard (especially physically)
a beam empezar lección		a long, thick piece of wood, metal, or concrete, especially used to support weight in a building or other structure
to put your life on the line empezar lección		To put oneself in harm's way to achieve something, especially at the risk of losing one's life. (Sometimes used hyperbolically.)
to catch fire empezar lección		to start burning
cut empezar lección		throat- competing in a strong and unfair way, without considering any harm caused to others (np. business)
at the sharp end empezar lección		the part of an activity, such as a job, where the most problems are likely to be found
a slut empezar lección		a woman who has sexual relationships with a lot of men without any emotional involvement or UK: a woman who is usually untidy and lazy
to meet a deadline empezar lección		to finish work on time, by the agreed date.
to churn sth out empezar lección		to produce large amounts of something quickly, usually something of low quality- substandard; of inferior quality
the high street empezar lección		a street where the most important shops and businesses in a town are
a death trap empezar lección		something that is very dangerous and could cause death
to give way to sth empezar lección		to be replaced by something, especially because it is better, cheaper, easier, etc
torchlight empezar lección		light given by torches
to regain consciousness empezar lección		to become conscious again: to wake up
a pillar empezar lección		a strong column made of stone, metal, or wood that supports part of a building
an official empezar lección		a person who has a position of responsibility in an organization
to assure sb empezar lección		to tell someone confidently that something is true, especially so that they do not worry
to be riddled with sth empezar lección		to be fulled of; If a plan or system, etc. is riddled with bad features, such as mistakes, it is full of them
a garment empezar lección		a piece of clothing
a succession of empezar lección		a number of similar events or people that happen, exist, etc. after each other
in succession empezar lección		happening one after another
to cast a shadow over empezar lección		to spoil a good situation with something unpleasant
to clean up one's act empezar lección		to change the way you behave, so that you stop doing bad or dishonest things
in the space of + time period empezar lección		before the end of (a stated time): in (a stated time) or less
apparel empezar lección		clothes, esp. of a special type; np: women's
by no means empezar lección		not in any way
to back sth empezar lección		to give support to someone or something
to crumble empezar lección		to break, or cause something to break, into small piece
notoriously empezar lección		/noʊˈtɔːr.i.əs.li/ in a way that is famous for something bad
to stand up for one's rights empezar lección		to defend one's rights; to defend or support a particular idea or a person who is being criticized or attacked
to conceal sth empezar lección		to prevent something from being seen or known about
put up with empezar lección		to accept or continue to accept an unpleasant situation or experience, or someone who behaves unpleasantly
culpable empezar lección		deserving to be blamed or considered responsible for something bad
infringed empezar lección		broken (about human rights)
ad lib empezar lección		said without any preparation or practice
swap empezar lección		to give something and be given something else instead
flexible empezar lección		can work in different ways, at different times, or in different places when it is necessary
dependable empezar lección		you can have confidence in him, her, or it
hardworking empezar lección		always putting a lot of effort and care into your work
creative empezar lección		producing or using original and unusual ideas
resourceful empezar lección		skilled at solving problems and making decisions on your own
methodical (also systematic?) empezar lección		do things in a very ordered, careful way
proactive empezar lección		(taking action by causing change and not only reacting to change when it happens)
ambitious empezar lección		having a strong desire for success, achievement, power, or wealth)
motivated empezar lección		very enthusiastic or determined because you really want to do something
results-oriented (also goal-oriented?) empezar lección		works hard to achieve good results in the tasks that they have been given
organised empezar lección		People who plan things well and don't waste time
disciplined empezar lección		behaving in a very controlled way
tenacious empezar lección		unwilling to accept defeat or stop doing or having something
independent empezar lección		not influenced or controlled in any way by other people, events, or things
open-minded empezar lección		willing to consider ideas and opinions that are new or different to your own
passionate about... empezar lección		having very strong feelings or emotions
determined empezar lección		wanting to do something very much and not allowing anyone or any difficulties to stop you
persistent empezar lección		continues doing something or tries to do something in a determined but often unreasonable way
focused empezar lección		giving a lot of attention to one particular thing
a team-player empezar lección		someone who is good at working closely with other people
meticulous empezar lección		giving or showing careful attention to every detail
empathetic empezar lección		having the ability to imagine how someone else feels
patient empezar lección		the ability to wait, or to continue doing something despite difficulties, or to suffer without complaining or becoming annoyed
thorough empezar lección		paying close attention to detail
conscientious empezar lección		putting a lot of effort into your work
gregarious empezar lección		liking to be with other people
introvert empezar lección		someone who is shy, quiet, and prefers to spend time alone rather than often being with other people
a problem solver empezar lección		finding solutions to problems
a people person empezar lección		someone who is friendly and enjoys meeting and talking to people
sociable empezar lección		like to meet and spend time with other people
a born leader empezar lección		someone with an innate capacity to effectively manage and lead groups of people to achieve collective goals
a go-getter empezar lección		someone who is very energetic, determined to be successful, and able to deal with new or difficult situations easily
relish empezar lección		to like or enjoy something
thrive empezar lección		to grow, develop, or be successful
shrinking habitats empezar lección		places where animals live and breed which are decreasing in size
endangered species empezar lección		types of animals/plants which are in danger of no longer existing
global warming empezar lección		steady rise in average world temperatures
climate change empezar lección		changes in the weather/climate
carbon dioxide emissions empezar lección		carbon dioxide gas from factories, cars, etc.
fossil fuels empezar lección		coal, oil, etc.
greenhouse effect empezar lección		warming of the Earth's surface caused by pollution
exerts severe pressure on empezar lección		formal: puts pressure on
finite resources empezar lección		limited resources
ecological balance empezar lección		balance of natural relationships in the environment
deforestation empezar lección		destruction/clearing of forests
demographic projections empezar lección		forecasts about the population
the worst case scenario empezar lección		the worst possibilities for the future
pristine environment empezar lección		perfectly clean/untouched/unspoilt area
green credentials empezar lección		reputation for positive support of the environment
prophets of doom and gloom empezar lección		people who always make the most depressing or pessimistic predictions about the future
sustainable development empezar lección		development of industry, etc. wich does not threaten the environment or social and economic stability
piecemeal conservation empezar lección		carrying out conservation one bit at a time, with no overall plan
amphibian empezar lección		able to live both on land and in water
climate empezar lección		the general weather conditions usually found in a particular place
demography empezar lección		the study of changes in the number of births, marriages, deaths, etc. in a particular area during a period of time
projection empezar lección		a calculation or guess about the future based on information that you have
sustainability empezar lección		the quality of causing little or no damage to the environment and therefore able to continue for a long time
reptile empezar lección		an animal that produces eggs and uses the heat of the sun to keep its blood warm
mammals empezar lección		any animal of which the female feeds her young on milk from her own body. Most mammals give birth to live young, not eggs
dire empezar lección		saying that something very bad is going to happen
imminent /ˈɪmɪnənt/ empezar lección		likely to happen very soon
nigh /naɪ/ empezar lección		to be going to happen soon
assert empezar lección		to state firmly that something is true
insofar as empezar lección		to the degree that
time-honoured empezar lección		done in the same way for a very long time
prophet of doom /ˈprɑː.fɪt/ empezar lección		someone who always expects bad things to happen
a bit of a draught /dræft/ empezar lección		a current of unpleasantly cold air blowing through a room
to get caught in a downpour empezar lección		to get caught in a large amount of rain that falls quickly
to stalk one's prey empezar lección		prey - an animal that is hunted and killed for food by another animal
to become extinct empezar lección		to die out
defunct /dɪˈfʌŋkt/ empezar lección		not existing or working any more
to peel an apple empezar lección		to remove the skin of a fruit
tame empezar lección		(especially of animals) not wild or dangerous, either naturally or because of training or long involvement with humans
resource empezar lección		a useful or valuable possession or quality of a country, organization, or person
source empezar lección		the place something comes from or starts at, or the cause of something
issue empezar lección		a subject that people discuss or argue about, especially relating to society, politics etc
well empezar lección		a deep hole in the ground from which you can get water, oil, or gas
off-shore empezar lección		away from or at a distance from the coast
breed empezar lección		a particular type of animal or plant
race empezar lección		one of the main groups to which people are often considered to belong, based on physical characteristics that they are perceived to share such as skin colour, eye shape, etc.
hoof empezar lección		the hard part on the bottom of the feet of animals such as horses, sheep, and deer (kopyto)
stable empezar lección		building in which horses are kept
saddle empezar lección		a leather seat on a horse:
sting stung stung empezar lección		v: if an insect or an animal stings you, it hurts you by sticking a sharp part of its body into your skin n: a small but painful injury caused when an insect or animal makes a small hole in the skin
hive empezar lección		a container in which bees live and make honey
buzz empezar lección		the sound that insects make while flying
cub empezar lección		a young bear, lion, fox, wolf, or other wild animal
whine empezar lección		if something whines, it makes a high loud sound
lead empezar lección		to take someone somewhere, by going with them n: a piece of rope, chain, etc. tied to an animal, especially to a dog at its collar when taking it for a walk:
kennel empezar lección		a small, usually wooden, shelter for a dog to sleep in outside
flock empezar lección		a group of sheep, goats, or birds
tusks empezar lección		one of the two very long pointed teeth on an animal such as an elephant
trunk empezar lección		an elephant's long nose
ivory /ˈaɪvəri/ empezar lección		the yellowish-white bone that an elephant's tusks are made of
nocturnal empezar lección		active at night
captivity empezar lección		a situation in which wild animals are kept in a place such as a park or zoo instead of living in their natural environment
endangered species /ɪnˌdeɪndʒə(r)d ˈspiːʃiːz/ empezar lección		a type of animal or plant that may soon become extinct (=disappear from the world)
environmentalist empezar lección		someone who wants to protect the environment
fierce /fɪə(r)s/ empezar lección		very angry, or ready to attack
mothering instincts empezar lección		natural tendency to behave like a mother
abundant empezar lección		existing or available in large quantities
maturity empezar lección		the qualities and behaviour that you would expect of a sensible adult
handful empezar lección		a very small number of people or things
epitomize /ɪˈpɪtəmaɪz/ empezar lección		to be the best possible example of a particular type of person or thing
diversity /daɪˈvɜː(r)səti/ empezar lección		the fact that very different people or things exist within a group or place
glacier empezar lección		glacier
UK /ˈɡlæsiə(r)/ empezar lección		UK / ˈɡlæsiə (r) /
USA /ˈɡleɪ.si.ɚ/ empezar lección		a large mass of ice that moves slowly
vital (evidence) /ˈvaɪt(ə)l/ empezar lección		very important, necessary, or essential
lump /lʌmp/ empezar lección		1. a small hard part on or under your skin that is caused by illness or injury
2. someone lazy empezar lección		2. someone lazy
wildebeest /ˈvɪldəˌbiːst/ empezar lección		an African wild animal that is a type of antelope with curved horns
falconer empezar lección		A hawk trainer
blossom empezar lección		a flower on a tree, or all the flowers on a tree
soil empezar lección		the substance on the surface of the Earth in which plants grow
horizon empezar lección		/həˈraɪz(ə)n/
litter empezar lección		a group of baby cats, dogs, or other animals that are born at the same time
young empezar lección		a group of young animals who belong to the same family
torrential empezar lección		torrential rain falls fast in large amounts
pip empezar lección		a small seed in a piece of fruit
stone empezar lección		a large hard seed inside a piece of fruit
nut empezar lección		a dry fruit that grows inside a hard shell on some types of tree and bush. Many kinds of nut can be eaten
climate change empezar lección		changes in the world's weather, in particular the fact that it is believed to be getting warmer as a result of human activity increasing the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
carbon footprint empezar lección		Someone's carbon footprint is a measurement of the amount of carbon dioxide that their activities produce.
merely empezar lección		used to emphasize that something is not large, important, or effective when compared to something else
a worst empezar lección		case scenario- the most unpleasant or serious thing that could happen in a situation
an ice cap empezar lección		a thick layer of ice that permanently covers an area of land
a wildfire empezar lección		a fire that is burning strongly and out of control on an area of grass or bushes in the countryside
a drought empezar lección		a long period when there is little or no rain, /draʊt/
Literally simply or just empezar lección		using the real or original meaning of a word or phrase used to emphasize what you are saying
out of this world empezar lección		extremely good or impressive
a taskforce empezar lección		a group of people who are brought together to do a particular job, or a large military group who have a military aim to achieve
to counteract empezar lección		to reduce or remove the effect of something unwanted by producing an opposite effect
Eligible empezar lección		having the necessary qualities or satisfying the necessary conditions; An eligible person is not married and is thought to be a suitable future marriage partner, especially because they are rich and attractive
knock-on effect empezar lección		When an event or situation has a knock-on effect, it causes other events or situations, but not directly
a trillion empezar lección		the number 1,000,000,000,000
to diffuse sth empezar lección		to (cause something to) spread in many directions
to divert empezar lección		to cause something or someone to change direction
to send sb aquiver empezar lección		to get sb excited
to get credit for sth empezar lección		to get the glory, praise, approval
to scatter empezar lección		to (cause to) move far apart in different directions
sulphate (siarczan) empezar lección		a chemical formed from sulphur, oxygen, and another element
high-latitude empezar lección		the position north or south of the equator measured from 0° to 90° (wysoka szerokość geograficzna)
dense empezar lección		having parts that are close together so that it is difficult to go or see through; thick
to offset sth empezar lección		to balance one effect against an opposing effect, so that there is no great difference as a result
if one thing offsets another thing, it has the opposite effect and so creates a more balanced situation empezar lección		if one thing offsets another thing, it has the opposite effect and so creates a more balanced situation
needless to say empezar lección		as you would expect; added to, or used to introduce, a remark giving information that is expected and not surprising:
a watchdog empezar lección		a person or organization responsible for making certain that companies obey particular standards and do not act illegally
a moratorium empezar lección		a stopping of an activity for an agreed amount of time
to blast sth empezar lección		to destroy or explode sth with explosives
to knock sth off course empezar lección		If you are headed in a particular direction in a small boat and something forcibly pushes you off your course ("path"), such as a strong wind and big waves—you've been knocked off course
Credible empezar lección		able to be believed or trusted
to come up empezar lección		to spend less, do less, or use less of something
to cut back empezar lección		to do less of something, or use something in smaller amounts, especially money; to spend less
Integrity empezar lección		honesty; the quality of being honest and having strong moral principles that you refuse to change
a thermostat empezar lección		a device that keeps a building, engine, etc. within a limited temperature range by automatically switching the supply of heat on and off
a convert empezar lección		/ˈkɑːn.vɝːt/ someone who changes their beliefs, habits, or way of living
when pigs fly empezar lección		something that will never happen, impossible, highly unlikely to happen
an advocate empezar lección		/ˈæd.və.keɪt/ someone who publicly supports something
a back-up plan empezar lección		another plan prepared in case the initial one fails
vast empezar lección		huge
hubris empezar lección		/ˈhjuː.brɪs/ a way of talking or behaving that is too proud
to rise to a challenge empezar lección		take on a difficult task
to discourage empezar lección		to make someone feel less confident, enthusiastic, and positive about something, or less willing to do something
real empezar lección		world-happening in the world or in someone's life rather than in a book, in the imagination, on the internet, etc.
tethered empezar lección		/ˈteð.ɚd/ tied to a post or fixed to the ground with a rope or chain
a hose empezar lección		a long plastic or rubber pipe, used to direct water onto fires, gardens, etc
altitude empezar lección		height above the sea level
to ice over empezar lección		becoming covered with a layer of ice

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