water

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término English definición English
quickflow
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qo qp qt
streamflow
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baseflow+quickflow
smallest contibution to quickflow
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precipitation
throughflow
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occurs when lateral hydraulic conductivity is bigger than vertical
speed of the river is controlled by
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velocity hydraulic crosssection gradient channel roughness
confluence point
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location where two water bodies connect
upper netherlands
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erosion transport by gravity
lower netherlands
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sedimentstion transport by pumping stations
water quality divided into
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chemical and physical characteristics
acid rain
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sulphur and nitrogen oxides
baseflow has
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higher concentrations of salutes than quickflow
% of freshwater is groundwater
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95
potentiometeic surface
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imaginary surface
infiltration
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vertical movement
seepage
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lateral movement
hydraulic conductivity of sedimentary rocks
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higher than igneous and metamorphic
causes of floods
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ice jams landslides failure of dams
flood intensifying factors
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basin shape area slope geology soil vegetation channel factors drainage network factors
why qt is a success
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vigilance and support unprejudiced interdisciplinary knowledge and right people
spatial quality schools of thought
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objective sibjective intersubjective
objective
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measured with quality indicators
subjective
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depends on context personal values and culture
inter subjective
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both
4th memorandum of sp
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spatial quality as a goal utility! beauty, robustness
5th memorandum 7 dimentions of spatial quality
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doveristy functionality justice sustainability attactivness human scale
4 types of qualities
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use ecological experiental long term
use quality
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multifunctional accessible safety
ecological quality
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biodiverity connectivity abiotic quality natural processes
experiental quality
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sound smells openness uniqness naturalness visibility of water landscape history
long term quality
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robustness maintainability flexobility
room for the river
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water safety and spatial quality central steering and financing
dutch flood protection
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water safety more decentralised
instrument based typology
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legal economic informative
resoursed based typology
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nato framework
nodality
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informative instruments
authority
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regulative
treasure
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financial
organization
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resources
substantive instruments
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directly focused on welfere taxes
procedural instrument
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focused kn shaping the nmber nature or behavious of actors involved
limitations to use plants to clean water
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contamination is insitu mandatory monitoring more than one season contaminants may reenter the food chain mercury released will be in rain
benefits of wetlands
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integrated into landscape increased biodiversity little management required
municipal waste pollution
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zinc and copper from pipes used motor oil organic waste and nitrogen and phosphorous
release of sewage creates problems
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enrichment increase in bod
phytoextraction
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contaminants taken by roots and removes from the soil
phytostabilisation
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stabilisation of contaminants in the soil
phytotransformation
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breaking down and taken up by plants
phytovolatization
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absorbing and releasing as a gas form
activated sludge process
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settling aeration settle disinfect
warunki wetlands
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wastewater not too toxic sufficient light temerature nutrients detention time long enough
types of wastewaters
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seeage agricultural industrial runoff
planta used in constructed wetlands
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surface flow floating plants submerged plants emergent plants
emergent plants divided into
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surface water vertical flow horizontal flow and hybrid
free water surface fws
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water flows on top of soil land intensive
horizontal subsurface
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water flows inside a layer of sand and gravel
vertical subsurface
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water pumped on the surface and than drains down into gravel and sand can be used in a house
role of plants in subsurface flow
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heavy metal in plant tissue habitat for wildlife root-mechanical system and hydraulic conductivity
how to get rid of mosquitos
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no above ground flow reduce organic loading rate drying of beds temporarily lower water depths higher stream velocity
what wastewater treatment consists of
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suspended solids removal nitrogen phosphorous pathogen heavy metal trace organic removals
aim of eu water framework directive
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protect and restore water environment
4 objectives of eu wfd
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water wuality aquatic loge public participation recovery of costs for water services
most important tool of fwd is rbmp
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assigning basins without borders coordination with agriculture fisherman energy
surface water
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ecological and chemical status
groundwater
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chemical and quantitative status
4 basin districts in the nl
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meuse rhine ems scheldt
classification of water bodies
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natural artificial heavily modified
groundwater directive
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sets standards and measures to prevent pollutants
nitrates directive
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1991
soilwater movements caused by
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precipitation evaporation transpiration infiltration surface runoff throughflow percolation capillary rise
4 major forces in soilwater
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cohesion adhesion gravity osmosis
wilting point and field capacity
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min and max of water content so plants can uptake it
surface sealing
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a crust is formed on top
nbs for sandy coastal cities
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sand nourishment and shellfish reefs
3 typical dutch strategies
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before 1990 hard engeneering after soft from 2012 building with nature
ipcc strategies
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advance protection retreat accomodation exosystem based
activemethods
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physical and chemical
physical method
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aerauing turbulance waterfalls
chemical methods
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buffering by adding alkalis

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