Translation Theory
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Vinay & Darbelnet
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de Saussure
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Catford
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Lévy
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Toury
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A word taken with its meaning from SL
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translating an expression, with each element trnsld directly into TL, introducing new structures
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Word for word
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Changing word class while preserving meaning
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Change in form when literal is unfitting (strange)
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change of style and structure, equivalent meaning
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Extreme change when concept is foreign to TL
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Relation between units
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Relation of meanings
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how utterances relate to situations
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How the text inform of its contents (markedness)
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What is intended by the author
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How well can the text be appreciated by an average reader
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How the text relates to other texts
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