pytania specjalnościowe wspólne

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término American English definición American English
What kind of society is represented in The Adventures of Tom Sawyer?
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A small 19th-century American community with strong moral norms, religion, and hypocrisy; shows contrast between rules and children’s freedom.
Interpret The Red Badge of Courage. Why is it significant?
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The “badge” is a wound symbolizing bravery. It’s key for showing war from a psychological, not heroic, perspective.
How many inflectional suffixes in English?
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Eight: -s, -’s, -s (3rd sg.), -ed, -ing, -er, -est. They mark number, tense, aspect, and comparison.
What is the UK and the British Commonwealth?
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The UK = England, Scotland, Wales, N. Ireland. The Commonwealth is a group of former British colonies cooperating politically and culturally.
Describe the US federal system and elections.
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The USA has three branches: executive, legislative, judicial. President elected via Electoral College; Congress = Senate + House. Two main parties: Democrats and Republicans.
Describe the UK government system.
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A constitutional monarchy. The monarch is symbolic; power belongs to Parliament and the Prime Minister.
Five events shaping English.
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Roman invasion, Anglo-Saxon settlement, Norman Conquest, Renaissance influence, British colonization.
Chronology of English.
1700), Modern (1700
1100), Middle English (1100
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Old English (450
today).
1500), Early Modern (1500
Define Old English.
1100), Germanic, inflected, influenced by Latin and Norse.
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Language of Anglo-Saxons (450
Two tenth-century manuscripts.
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Exeter Book (poetry, riddles) and Vercelli Book (homilies, religious texts).
Describe Beowulf.
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Heroic poem about a warrior fighting monsters; themes of courage, loyalty, fate; mix of pagan and Christian ideas.
Features of Shakespearean drama.
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Complex plots, human emotions, poetic language. Blends comedy, tragedy, and history (Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet).
Regions and counties of the UK.
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England, Scotland, Wales, N. Ireland; key cities: London, Edinburgh, Cardiff, Belfast; major universities: Oxford, Cambridge.
Five major historical sites in the UK.
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Stonehenge, Tower of London, Westminster Abbey, Edinburgh Castle, Hadrian’s Wall.
Roman influence on the Celts.
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Romans brought towns, roads, baths, architecture, and Latin culture, changing Celtic life and trade.

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