PAST TENSES

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término definición
Risponderò al telefono. (Il telefono squilla. Decidi di rispondere al telefono)
empezar lección
I’ll answer the phone. (The phone is ringing. You decide to answer the phone)
instant decisions
Entrambi i piatti speciali sembrano davvero buoni, ma penso che prenderò il pollo. (Decidi tu al momento di parlare)
empezar lección
Both of the specials sound really good, but I think I will have the chicken. (You decide at the moment of speaking)
instant decisions
Penso che supererò l'esame.
empezar lección
I think I’ll pass the exam.
future predictions (opinion)
Sarà un buon dottore.
empezar lección
He will be a good doctor.
future predictions (opinion)
Il sole sorgerà alle 7 del mattino
empezar lección
The sun will rise at 7am
future predictions or facts (definiteness)
Il presidente visiterà il Vaticano il prossimo novembre.
empezar lección
The president will visit the Vatican next November.
future predictions or facts (definiteness)
Verrò a trovarti alla stazione il prossimo fine settimana.
empezar lección
I'll come to meet you at the station next weekend.
offers
Ti aiuterò con i compiti
empezar lección
I'll help you with your homework
offers
R: Ho freddo. B: Chiuderò la finestra
empezar lección
A: I'm cold. B: I'll close the window
offers
Porterò quella borsa per te.
empezar lección
I’ll carry that bag for you.
offers
Che faccio, apro la finestra? (= Vuoi che apra la finestra?)
empezar lección
Shall I open the window? (= Do you want me to open the window?)
offers (polite)
Che faccio, organizzo l'incontro?
empezar lección
Shall I organise the meeting?
offers (polite)
Non andrò!
empezar lección
I won't go!
promises and refusals
Domani mattina mi alzerò presto e poi finirò il rapporto.
empezar lección
I'll get up early tomorrow morning and finish the report then.
promises and refusals
Smetterò di fumare!
empezar lección
I will give up smoking!
promises and refusals
Ti aiuterò ogni volta che avrai bisogno di me.
empezar lección
I will help you whenever you need me.
promises and refusals
Non gli presterò la mia macchina.
empezar lección
I won’t lend him my car.
promises and refusals
Mi dai una mano per favore?
empezar lección
Will you give me a hand?
requests
Vuoi aprire la porta, per favore?
empezar lección
Will you open the door, please?
requests
Dove andiamo stasera? (= Qual è la tua opinione?)
empezar lección
Where shall we go tonight? (= What's your opinion?)
suggestions
Mangiamo fuori oggi?
empezar lección
Shall we eat out today?
suggestions
Quando partirai?
empezar lección
When will you be leaving?
asking about future arrangements (polite)
Andrai in vacanza quest'estate?
empezar lección
Will you be going on holiday this summer?
asking about future arrangements (polite)
Il Governo farà una dichiarazione più tardi.
empezar lección
The Government will be making a statement later.
future as a matter of course (later; tonight; next week)
La prossima settimana pioverà.
empezar lección
Next week it will be raining.
future as a matter of course (later; tonight; next week)
Ti aspetterò quando arriverai.
empezar lección
I'll be waiting when you arrive.
overlapping action (when; at)
Alle otto cenerò.
empezar lección
At eight o'clock, I'll be eating dinner.
overlapping action (when; at)
Domani alle tre sarai sdraiato sulla spiaggia
empezar lección
At three o'clock tomorrow you'll be lying on the beach
overlapping action (when; at)
Quando arriverò non dormirai, vero?
empezar lección
When I arrive you won't be sleeping, will you?
overlapping action (when; at)
Quando scenderai dal treno, ti aspetterò sul binario.
empezar lección
When you get off the train, I‘ll be waiting on the platform.
overlapping action (when; at)
La prossima settimana a quest'ora viaggeremo a Parigi.
empezar lección
This time next week, we’ll be travelling to Paris.
situations or actions that will be in progress at a certain time in the future
Domani alle 10 farai il tuo esame.
empezar lección
Tomorrow at 10, you’ll be doing your exam.
situations or actions that will be in progress at a certain time in the future
Tra due mesi saremo sdraiati sulla spiaggia a bere un mojito.
empezar lección
In two months’ time, we‘ll be lying on the beach and drinking a mojito.
situations or actions that will be in progress at a certain time in the future
A: Abbiamo finito il latte. B: Lo so, ne comprerò un po'.
empezar lección
A: We've run out of milk. B: I know, I'm going to buy some.
decisions that have already been taken at the moment of speaking (intentions or plans)
Cercherà un lavoro appena arriverà a Londra.
empezar lección
She's going to look for a job as soon as she arrives in London.
decisions that have already been taken at the moment of speaking (intentions or plans)
Domani studierò per gli esami.(=È mia intenzione)
empezar lección
I’m going to study for the exams tomorrow. (=It’s my intention)
decisions that have already been taken at the moment of speaking (intentions or plans)
R: La tua macchina è sporca. B: Lo so. Lo laverò domani.(=È mia intenzione, ma non ho provveduto a farlo)
empezar lección
A: Your car is dirty. B: I know. I’m going to wash it tomorrow. (=It’s my intention, but I haven’t arranged to do it)
decisions that have already been taken at the moment of speaking (intentions or plans)
Guarda quei ragazzi che giocano a calcio! Romperanno la finestra
empezar lección
Look at those boys playing football! They're going to break the window
future predictions (evidence)
Il cielo sta diventando sempre più scuro. Sta per piovere
empezar lección
The sky is getting darker and darker. It's going to rain
future predictions (evidence)
Sono incinta e il medico ha detto che avrò una femmina.
empezar lección
I’m pregnant and the doctor said I’m going to have a girl.
future predictions (evidence)
Non guidare come un pazzo. Stiamo per avere un incidente!
empezar lección
Don’t drive like a crazy man. We’re going to have an accident!
future predictions (evidence)
Incontro con Sally alle 7. (=le ho parlato e abbiamo deciso di incontrarci.)
empezar lección
I’m meeting Sally at 7. (=I have talked to her, and we have arranged to meet.)
future arrangements (we have decided on a time and a place + when)
Domani mattina parto per New York. (=Ho il biglietto.)
empezar lección
I’m flying to New York tomorrow morning. (=I have the ticket.)
future arrangements (we have decided on a time and a place + when)
Vado dal dentista dopo la lezione.
empezar lección
I’m seeing the dentist after class.
future arrangements (we have decided on a time and a place + when)
I negozi chiudono alle 18
empezar lección
Shops close at 6pm.
future events that are scheduled or timetabled
Il film inizia alle 21, non fare tardi!.
empezar lección
The film starts at 9pm, don't be late!.
future events that are scheduled or timetabled
Ti chiamo quando arrivo al mio hotel.
empezar lección
I'll call you when I arrive at my hotel.
until; when; as soon as; after; before
Ti manderà un messaggio non appena sarà sull'autobus.
empezar lección
He'll text you as soon as he's on the bus.
until; when; as soon as; after; before
Per favore, aspetta qui finché l'infermiera non ti chiama.
empezar lección
Please wait here until the nurse calls you.
until; when; as soon as; after; before
Prima di partire, assicurati di aver chiuso a chiave la porta.
empezar lección
Before you leave, please make sure you've locked the door.
until; when; as soon as; after; before
Ci farà sapere più tardi, quando sarà pronta a partire.
empezar lección
She'll let us know later, when she's ready to leave.
until; when; as soon as; after; before
Devo pulire la cucina prima che arrivi mia madre.
empezar lección
I must clean the kitchen before my mother gets here.
until; when; as soon as; after; before
John studierà finché non conoscerà tutte le risposte.
empezar lección
John will study until he knows all the answers.
until; when; as soon as; after; before
Cosa vuoi fare al termine della lezione?
empezar lección
What do you want to do after the class finishes?
until; when; as soon as; after; before
Mi invierà un'e-mail prima di lasciare l'ufficio più tardi oggi.
empezar lección
She'll send me an email before she leaves the office later today.
until; when; as soon as; after; before
Andrò in pensione quando avrò 70 anni.
empezar lección
I’ll retire when I‘m 70.
until; when; as soon as; after; before
Non ti chiamerò finché non arriverò.
empezar lección
I won’t call you until I arrive.
until; when; as soon as; after; before
Se torni tardi, mi arrabbierò.
empezar lección
If you get back late, I'll be angry.
first conditional
Se non ci vediamo domani, ci vedremo la prossima settimana.
empezar lección
If we don't see each other tomorrow, we'll see each other next week.
first conditional
Non otterrà un lavoro migliore se non supera l'esame.
empezar lección
He won't get a better job if he doesn't pass that exam.
first conditional
Se viene, rimarrò sorpreso.
empezar lección
If he comes, I'll be surprised.
first conditional
Se non vado a letto presto, domani sarò stanco
empezar lección
If I don't go to bed early, I'll be tired tomorrow
first conditional
Sembra molto stanca. Potrebbe non venire con noi.
empezar lección
She looks very tired. She might not come with us.
actions or things that will possibly not happen
Potremmo non avere abbastanza tempo per finire il rapporto per domani.
empezar lección
We may not have enough time to finish the report for tomorrow.
actions or things that will possibly not happen
L’economia potrebbe subire una recessione globale il prossimo anno.
empezar lección
The economy might suffer a global recession next year.
things that will possibly happen in the future, but we are not too sure
La prossima settimana le temperature potrebbero salire.
empezar lección
Temperatures may go up next week.
things that will possibly happen in the future, but we are not too sure
Entro il 2050, i ricercatori avranno trovato una cura per il cancro.
empezar lección
By 2050, researchers will have found a cure for cancer.
actions that will be finished before a certain time in the future (‘by’)
L’anno prossimo a quest’ora mi sarò laureato.
empezar lección
By this time next year, I’ll have graduated.
actions that will be finished before a certain time in the future (‘by’)
Quando avrò sessant'anni sarò in pensione. (= Andrò in pensione prima dei sessant'anni. Forse quando avrò cinquantanove anni, forse quando avrò cinquantadue.)
empezar lección
By the time I'm sixty, I will have retired. (= I will retire sometime before I'm sixty. Maybe when I'm fifty-nine, maybe when I'm fifty-two.)
actions that will be finished before a certain time in the future (‘by’)
Tra 2 anni saremo sposati da 20 anni.
empezar lección
In 2 years, we will have been married for 20 years.
duration of a situation until a certain time in the future (stative verbs) (‘for’)
Quando ci sposeremo, conoscerò Robert da quattro anni.
empezar lección
When we get married, I'll have known Robert for four years.
duration of a situation until a certain time in the future (stative verbs) (‘for’)
Alle 4 sarò in questo ufficio da 24 ore.
empezar lección
At 4 o'clock, I'll have been in this office for 24 hours.
duration of a situation until a certain time in the future (stative verbs) (‘for’)
Quando salirà sul ring sabato si sarà allenato per circa 18 mesi.
empezar lección
When he steps into the boxing ring on Saturday he will have been training for about 18 months.
duration of a situation until a certain time in the future (dynamic verbs) (‘for’)
Ad aprile insegnerà per dodici anni.
empezar lección
In April, she will have been teaching for twelve years.
duration of a situation until a certain time in the future (dynamic verbs) (‘for’)
Quando ti vedrò, avrò studiato, quindi sarò stanco.
empezar lección
When I see you, I'll have been studying, so I'll be tired.
something that finishes just before another time or action (there will be a result at the second point in the future)
Quando arriverò alle nove, avrai lavorato a lungo?
empezar lección
When I come at nine o'clock, will you have been working long?
something that finishes just before another time or action (there will be a result at the second point in the future)
Vado a bere qualcosa dopo il lavoro.(=è mia intenzione)
empezar lección
I’m going to have a drink after work. (=it’s my intention)
decisions that have already been taken at the moment of speaking (intentions or plans)
Vado a bere qualcosa con alcuni colleghi dopo il lavoro.(=è stato organizzato)
empezar lección
I’m having a drink with some colleagues after work. (=it has been arranged)
future arrangements (we have decided on a time and a place + when)
Partiremo domani alle 8:00. (=È un piano meno definito e formale)
empezar lección
We’ll be leaving at 8 a.m. tomorrow. (=It is a plan that is less definite and formal)
future arrangements (plans that are less definite and formal)
Parto domani alle 8.(=È un organizzazione)
empezar lección
I’m leaving at 8 tomorrow. (=It’s an arrangement)
future arrangements (we have decided on a time and a place + when)
Verremo il prossimo fine settimana. (=È un piano meno definito e formale)
empezar lección
We’ll be coming next weekend. (=It is a plan that is less definite and formal)
future arrangements (plans that are less definite and formal)
Ci sposeremo il prossimo luglio. (=Lo abbiamo deciso e probabilmente abbiamo già prenotato il ristorante, ecc.)
empezar lección
We’re getting married next July. (=We have decided it, and we have probably already made reservations for the restaurant, etc.)
future arrangements (we have decided on a time and a place + when)
A: Sarah ha detto che ha bisogno di parlarti. B: Sì, lo so. La chiamerò tra un minuto. (=Ho preso la decisione prima di avere questa conversazione.)
empezar lección
A: Sarah said she needs to talk to you. B: Yes, I know. I’m going to call her in a minute. (=I took the decision before having this conversation.)
decisions that have already been taken at the moment of speaking (intentions or plans)
A: Sarah ha detto che ha bisogno di parlarti. B: Oh, non lo sapevo. La chiamerò tra un minuto. (=Ho preso la decisione durante questa conversazione.)
empezar lección
A: Sarah said she needs to talk to you. B: Oh, I didn’t know. I’ll call her in a minute. (=I took the decision while having this conversation.)
instant decisions
A: Oh, non abbiamo zucchero. B: Non preoccuparti, ne comprerò qualcuno. (=decisione istantanea)
empezar lección
A: Oh, we don’t have sugar. B: Don’t worry, I’ll buy some.
instant decisions
A: Perché ti spogli? B: Perché vado a farmi una nuotata. (=decisione già presa al momento in cui si parla)
empezar lección
A: Why are you undressing? B: Because I’m going to go for a swim.
decisions that have already been taken at the moment of speaking (intentions or plans)
Penso che i conservatori vinceranno le prossime elezioni. (=previsioni future (opinione))
empezar lección
I think the Conservatives will win the next election.
future predictions (opinion)
I conservatori vincono le elezioni. Hanno già la maggior parte dei voti. (=previsioni future (prove))
empezar lección
The Conservatives are going to win the election. They already have most of the votes.
future predictions (evidence)
Farò tardi a cena oggi.(= ne sono sicuro.)
empezar lección
I’ll be late for dinner today. (=I am sure.)
future predictions or facts (definiteness)
Potrei essere in ritardo per la cena oggi.(= È possibile, ma non ne sono sicuro.)
empezar lección
I might be late for dinner today. (=It’s possible, but I am not sure.)
possible actions in the future (when ‘we are not sure’)
Dobbiamo sbrigarci. Arriveremo in ritardo alla conferenza. (=Penso che faremo tardi)
empezar lección
We need to hurry up. We’ll be late for the conference. (=I think we will be late)
future predictions (opinion)
La conferenza inizia tra 10 minuti. Saremo in ritardo. (=Vedo che non potremo essere alla conferenza tra 10 minuti)
empezar lección
The conference starts in 10 minutes. We are going to be late. (=I can see that we cannot be at the conference in 10 minutes)
future predictions (evidence)
Potrei andare in Danimarca il prossimo settembre.(=Non sono sicuro.)
empezar lección
I might go to Denmark next September. (=Not sure.)
possible actions in the future (when ‘we are not sure’)
Andrò in Danimarca il prossimo settembre. (=Certo.)
empezar lección
I’m going to Denmark next September. (=Sure.)
future arrangements (we have decided on a time and a place + when)
Jenny verrà qui dopo aver finito di lavorare.
empezar lección
Jenny will come here after she finishes work.
until; when; as soon as; after; before
John uscirà se finirà i compiti.
empezar lección
John will go out is he finishes his homework.
first conditional
Domani parto molto presto. Prendo il treno delle 7.30. (=è stato organizzato da me)
empezar lección
I’m leaving very early tomorrow. I’m taking the 7.30 train. (=it has been arranged by me)
future arrangements (we have decided on a time and a place + when)
Il treno parte alle 7:30. (=è un orario fisso)
empezar lección
The train leaves at 7:30. (=it’s a fixed timetable)
future events that are scheduled or timetabled
Per quando lascerò questo paese, sarò in Inghilterra da 6 mesi.
empezar lección
By the time I leave, I will have been in England for 6 months.
duration of a situation until a certain time in the future (stative verbs) (‘for’)
Entro la fine dell'anno lavorerà alla pubblicazione da oltre dieci anni.
empezar lección
By the end of the year, she will have been working on the publication for over ten years.
duration of a situation until a certain time in the future (dynamic verbs) (‘for’)

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