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término		definición
Founder of modern structuralist linguistics empezar lección		Ferdinand de Saussure
Two components of a linguistic sign empezar lección		Signifier (form/sound) and Signified (concept/meaning)
Meaning of “langue” empezar lección		The abstract system of a language (rules and structure shared by a speech community)
What generates meaning? empezar lección		Differences and relationships between linguistic elements (not individual words alone)
Best description of functional linguistics empezar lección		Language is shaped by its communicative functions and use in context
“Can you pass the salt?” functions as empezar lección		A request
Participant who performs the action (Role and Reference Grammar) empezar lección		Actor
Undergoer in “The dog chased the cat” empezar lección		The cat
Why use passive voice? empezar lección		To omit the agent, focus on the result, or when the agent is unknown/irrelevant
Purpose of Formal Language Theory empezar lección		To describe language using formal rules, grammars, and mathematical models
Dependency in “neither... nor” empezar lección		Correlative (paired) dependency
Why regular languages are insufficient empezar lección		They cannot handle hierarchical and recursive structures
Definition of Universal grammar empezar lección		An innate set of linguistic principles shared by all humans
Words heard by age 5 empezar lección		around 30 milion
Scholars arguing languages differ fundamentally empezar lección		Functionalists / usage-based theorists (e.g., Michael Tomasello)
Alternative to Universal Grammar empezar lección		Usage-based / emergentist approaches to language acquisition

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