linguistics

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término English definición English
Hyponym
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"rose" is a hyponym of "flower."
Homonym
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"bat" (a flying mammal) and "bat" (a sports equipment)
Homophone
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"right" (correct) and "write" (to inscribe)
Polysemy
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"bank" can refer to a financial institution or the edge of a river.
Metonymy
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"the White House" referring to the U.S. government
Retronym
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"analog watch" after the invention of digital watches.
Assimilation
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When a sound changes to become more like a neighboring sound. For example, "handbag" might be pronounced as "hamdbag"
Dissimilation
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When a sound changes to become less like a neighboring sound. For instance, "comfortable" might be pronounced as "comfortaboo"
Epenthesis
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Adding an extra sound, typically a vowel, into a word. For example, saying "athlete" as "ath-e-lete" instead of "athlet."
Elision
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Dropping a sound or syllable from a word during speech. For instance, "gonna" instead of "going to."
Metathesis
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Rearranging the order of sounds or syllables within a word. For example, "ask" being pronounced as "aks.
Gradable antonyms
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represent opposite ends of a scale and allow for degrees of comparison, like "hot" and "cold
Complementary antonyms
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pairs where having one implies the absence of the other, like "alive" and "dead."
Relational antonyms
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pairs where one word describes a relationship with another, like "parent" and "child."
cognates
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Words in different languages that share a common origin, usually having similar meanings and often similar forms. For example, "mother" in English and "mater" in Latin are cognates.
Comparative reconstruction
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finding clues in different languages to guess what their shared ancestor language might have been like. It's about looking for similarities and differences to understand how languages evolve over time.
jama nosowa
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nasal cavity
podniebienie
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palate
szczęka dolna
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lower jaw
krtań
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larynx
struny głosowe
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vocal cords
gardło
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pharynx
nagłośnia
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epiglottis

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