LECTURE 3

language

a system of arbitrary vocal symbols by which members of a social group interact

arbitrary language

language that relies on abstract connections between words and their meanings

onomatopoeic language

language that sues words that mimic the actual sounds of what they describe

vocal

typically refers to anything related to the voice or sound produced by the human voice. It can refer to spoken communication or the use of vocal cords in producing sounds

system

consistency in which sounds and their combinations are put together in a language

synchronic study

study that focuses on language as it exists at a specific moment in time

diachronic study

study that examines language's historical development over time

constructive analysis

analysis that refers to the study and comparision of two or more languages to identify differences and similarities between them

vocally auditory channel

in this channel person produces spoken language through the vocal apparatus and receiver interprets these sounds through the auditory channel by listening and processing the information

broadcast transmission and directional reception

sound goes in all directions

rapid fading

the fact that when you say something it disappears

interchangeability

concept where multiple words or structures can be used to express the same idea

semanticity

means that in a given language, specific words or linguistic elements have agreed upon meaning and when used in combination they can create complex meanings and messages

arbitrariness

there is no inherent connection between the form of a word and the meaning it conveys

discreteness

refers to the property of a language where it is composed of distinct units that can be combined to form meaningful messages. "cat" is a discrete unit that can be combined like this "the cat runs" and now it forms a meaningful message

productivity

we can use potential and produce something new "unbreak my heart"

displacement

means we not only can speak about now and then but we can move in time and space

traditional transmission

you can learn a language by being in the environment that speaks in this language

duality pattern

is when we use basic sounds or symbols to build words and those words create meaning

reciprocity

is when words or grammar in a language show that two or more people are doing something to each other, like "they help each other" or "they share with each other"

micro-psychological function of language

function of language that refers to biological process that enable humans to produce and comprehend speech

phatic function of language

function of language which is all about using words to keep a conversation going and be friendly rather than just sharing information

ideational function of language

it helps us describe reality, express our thoughts and communicate about our experiences, making it a fundamental aspect of human language

interpersonal function of language

function of language that focuses on how language is used to establish and manage social relationships, express feelings and emotions

poetic function of language

it focuses on the aesthetic and creative aspects of language and communication with an emphasis on how language is used for artistic, expressive and imaginative purposes

textual function of language

it focuses on how language is structured and organized to create coherent texts whether in written or spoken form