→ Bio Unit 3 → Empezar lección / Descargar tarjetas en MP3

término		definición
Biodiversity empezar lección		Diversity of life; the number, variety, and variation of genes, species and ecosystems on Earth.
Organism empezar lección		An individual life form
Species empezar lección		A group of individuals belonging to the same lowest taxonomic unit, capable of breeding and producing fertile offspring
Ecosystem empezar lección		Communities of organisms interacting with their physical and biological environment
Habitat empezar lección		A specific location with a particular set of biotic and abiotic conditions; where an organism generally lives
Species diversity empezar lección		A measure of the number and abundance of species in a community
Adaptation empezar lección		A feature of an organism that enhances its ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment
Abiotic factors empezar lección		Non-living physical factors that influence organisms and ecosystems
Biotic factors empezar lección		The living components in the environment that influence organisms and ecosystems
Ecosystem Diversity empezar lección		A measure of the variety of different habitats, communities and ecological processes within a geographical location
Species richness empezar lección		A measure of the numbers of species present and the evenness of species in relation to one another
Species evenness empezar lección		The difference in the distribution of the total abundance between the species in a community
Community empezar lección		All the species that occupy a particular place at a given time
Percentage cover empezar lección		The percentage of a sample area covered by a target species
Percentage frequency empezar lección		A measure of how often a species occurs in samples
Quadrat empezar lección		A square frame used to isolate a standard unit of area so the distribution of a plant or animal can be studied
Population empezar lección		The number of individuals of a species living in a particular place at a particular time
Relative Abundance empezar lección		A measure of how common or rare a species is in relation to other species within a community
Simpson's Diversity Index (SDI) empezar lección		A measure of diversity that takes into account both species richness and evenness (0 to 1 - closer to 1 means more diverse)
Predator empezar lección		An organism that hunts, kills and eats another organism
Prey empezar lección		An organism hunted and killed by a predator
Intraspecific competition empezar lección		Competition between two or more individuals of the same species for resources
Interspecific competition empezar lección		Competition between two or more individuals of different species for resources
Competition empezar lección		Rivalry between individuals, of the same or different species, for a limited resource
Symbiosis empezar lección		A relationship in which two organisms live in close association over a long period of time
Symbiont empezar lección		An organism living in a symbiotic relationship with another organism
Disease empezar lección		A condition that negatively affects the function of an individual that isn't caused directly by injury
Population density empezar lección		A measure of the number of individuals living in a determined unit of area
Mortality empezar lección		The ratio of total deaths to the total population of a species
Tolerance range empezar lección		The range of a particular abiotic factor within which an organism can survive
Substrate empezar lección		A surface on which an organism can grow
Distribution empezar lección		Regions in which a species is found
Abundance empezar lección		The number of individuals of a particular species in a specific area at a given time
Evenly spaced distribution empezar lección		A type of distribution where individuals are more or less equally spaced throughout an area
Random distribution empezar lección		A type of distribution where individuals are spaced randomly in no distinguishable pattern throughout an area
Clumped distribution empezar lección		A type of distribution where individuals are found clustered in groups in particular parts of an area
Salinity empezar lección		The dissolved salt content of water
Brackish empezar lección		Slightly salty water; often found where seawater and freshwater mix
Osmosis empezar lección		The movement of water from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration through a semipermeable membrane
Asexual reproduction empezar lección		The production of genetically identical offspring from a single parent
Sexual reproduction empezar lección		The production of offspring that has genetic material from two parents
Cladistics empezar lección		A method of grouping organisms that uses evolutionary lines of descent rather than structural similarities
Clade empezar lección		A group of organisms that are believed to comprise a common ancestor and all of its evolutionary descendants
Linnaean classification empezar lección		A hierarchical classification system based on physical characteristics
Hierarchical taxa empezar lección		Groups of organisms classified into a taxon and arranged in order of rank
Clones empezar lección		Offspring that are genetically identical to the parent
r - strategists empezar lección		A species that occupy unstable environments and uses the evolutionary strategy of maintaining high growth rates, occupying less-crowded ecological niches and producing many offspring
K - strategists empezar lección		A species whose population fluctuates at or near the carrying capacity (K) or the environment in which it resides
Bioinformatics empezar lección		Collection and analysis of DNA using computers
Molecular sequencing empezar lección		The comparison of genetic information between organisms to determine evolutionary relatedness
Phylogenetic tree empezar lección		A diagram that represents evolutionary relatedness between organisms
DNA sequencing empezar lección		The process of determining the nucleotide sequence of a DNA molecule
Evolutionary Relatedness empezar lección		How closely two species are related by a common ancestor; species sharing more recent common ancestors are more closely related than those with less recent common ancestors
Common ancestor empezar lección		The most recent species from which two or more organisms are descended; an ancestor that two species have in common
Cladogram empezar lección		A branching diagram showing the evolutionary relatedness of a number of species
DNA sequence empezar lección		The order of nucleotide bases that make up a section of DNA
Mutation empezar lección		A small permanent change in the DNA sequence of an organism
Genome empezar lección		The complete set of genetic information of an organism
Bifurcation empezar lección		The division of a species into two species through divergent evolution
Hybrid empezar lección		The offspring of parents of different species
Classification empezar lección		The arrangement of living organisms or ecosystems into groups sharing similar characteristics
Climate empezar lección		Long-term average weather patterns specific to a geographical area
Terrestrial empezar lección		Relating to land, as opposed to aquatic (refers to water)
Stratified sampling empezar lección		The division of the physical environment into smaller components for sampling
Zonation empezar lección		The breaking of the biome into habitat zones
Transect empezar lección		A measured length or strip of terrain in an environment along which individual organisms or environmental parameters are measured and recorded
Unbiased data empezar lección		Data collected without influence or preference or prejudice of an external source
Error empezar lección		The difference between an observed value and a true value results in the inaccuracy of results
Line intercept empezar lección		A sampling technique used to estimate relative densities of a species by counting the number of individuals that lie on a straight line cutting through the community
Belt transect empezar lección		An elongated area of known length and width through a particular environment in which specific community parameters are measured and recorded
Succession empezar lección		The process of the diversity and populations of a community changing over time
Randomised Sampling empezar lección		A method of selecting a sample from a total array in such a way that every possible sample that could be selected has an equal chance of being selected
Mitochondria empezar lección		An organelle found in most living cells that facilitates energy production known as cellular respiration
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) empezar lección		A biological molecule used by living cells for energy
Cellular respiration empezar lección		A metabolic reaction occurring in most living cells that release energy for movement, growth and other biological functions
Energy transfer empezar lección		The movement of energy from one object or system to another (a chimp pushes another chimp)
Energy transformation empezar lección		The change from one form of energy into another (light into chemical energy)
Trophic level empezar lección		A hierarchical level in an ecosystem containing organisms that have the same feeding function in the food chain
Autotroph empezar lección		Also called a producer; an organism that can produce its own food from inorganic molecules using chemical energy or light energy from the sun
Photosynthesis empezar lección		Conversion of light energy into chemical energy by photosynthetic organisms such as phytoplankton or plants
Food chain empezar lección		A flowchart showing feeding relationships between organisms
Trophic empezar lección		Relating to the consumption of food and nutrients
Consumer empezar lección		An organism that cannot produce its own food so needs to eat other organisms to obtain energy
Food web empezar lección		A flowchart showing complex feeding relationships between several interlinking food chains
Organic empezar lección		Relating to living matter
Inorganic empezar lección		Relating to molecules or structures that aren't part of a living organism
Carbon empezar lección		An element essential for many structures and processes in living organisms
Nitrogen empezar lección		An element required to produce many biological molecules, particularly in plants
Water empezar lección		A molecule essential for numerous biological processes in living organisms
Metabolic reaction empezar lección		A chemical reaction that helps to maintain the biological function of an organism
Carbon Sink empezar lección		A large area of vegetation, water or another naturally forming environment able to absorb and store atmospheric carbon dioxide
Nitrogen Fixation empezar lección		Conversion of atmospheric nitrogen to nitrate by bacteria and cyanobacteria
Ecological niche empezar lección		The role and position of a species in its environment; interactions of a species with the biotic and abiotic factors of its environment
Fundamental niche empezar lección		The range of environmental factors a species can occupy without consideration for population limiting factors
Realised niche empezar lección		The part of a fundamental niche a species occupies due to population limiting factors
Competitive exclusion empezar lección		The exclusion of a species from a community by another organism better adapted to that particular ecological niche
Keystone species empezar lección		A species that has a disproportionately large effect on the community in which it lives
Interspecific relationship empezar lección		A relationship or interaction between different species within a community
Carrying capacity empezar lección		The number of individuals of a species able to be supported by its habitat
Population limiting factor empezar lección		Any biotic/abiotic factor that limits the continued growth of a population of a species
Exponential growth empezar lección		Reproductive rate is maintained and the population continues to grow limited by resources
Immigration empezar lección		The permanent movement of an individual or population of a species into a community
Emigration empezar lección		The permanent movement of an individual or population of a species out of a community
Population change formula empezar lección		(Births (B) - deaths (D))+ (Immigration (I) - Emigration (E))
Lincoln Index empezar lección		The Lincoln Index allows conservationists to estimate population sizes of individual animal species. Individuals are captured, marked, released back into the population and recaptured.
Primary succession empezar lección		Development and change in plant communities over time, eventually leading from bare ground to a climax community
Secondary succession empezar lección		Successive, natural changes in plant communities in an area where a previous community has been removed
Pioneer species empezar lección		The first species to colonise an area during primary succession
Climax community empezar lección		A more or less stable plant community
Pioneer community empezar lección		A new community forming on a previously barren landscape, composed of pioneer species
Sere empezar lección		An intermediate community observed during ecological succession in an ecosystem advancing towards climax community
Ecological disturbance empezar lección		A temporary change in an ecosystem that causes a significant change in the behaviour, growth and survival of organisms
Symbiotic relationship empezar lección		An evolved interaction or close living relationship between organisms from different species, usually with benefits to one or both of the individuals involved

Bio unit 3

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