2024/25

a type of edible shellfish, a nocturnal freshwater crustacean that resembles a small lobster and inhabits streams and rivers

a crayfish

a long, thin piece of land that has water around most of it (almost surrounded by water or projecting out into a body of water)

peninsula

a quick noise you make in your throat when a muscle in your chest moves suddenly / a small, temporary problem

hiccups

a place where births, deaths, and marriages are officially recorded and where you can get married

registry office

having or showing a feeling of patronizing superiority (treating someone as if you are more important or more intelligent than them)

condescending

(of a person) wanting to do/have sth very much

eager, willing, prone

a building in which horses are kept

a stable

to force yourself to do something unpleasant or difficult, or to be brave in a difficult situation

to bite the bullet

achieve or complete successfully

to accomplish

try to do; If you ... a plan, activity, or situation, you try to do it or achieve it, usually over a long period of time

to pursue

whatever you prefer, whatever you like or are interested in - do it

whatever floats your boat, revs your engine, tickles your pickle, sizzles your bacon, ruffles your truffles

a large marine fish with a small barbel on the chin

cod

III forms of fly

fly flew flown

to złe wieści

it's bad news

uczestniczyć w konferencjach

to attend conferences

Jakie jedzenie lubisz? Które z tych dań wolisz?

What food do you like? Which of these dishes do you prefer?

a work where you are paid for completed projects

a task-based job

a way of dealing with sth / an act of speaking to someone for the first time about sth, typically a proposal or request

approach

the part of a theater, concert hall, or other public building in which the audience sits

an auditorium

easily persuaded to believe something; credulous

gullible

the ability to understand an event or situation only after it has happened

in hindsight

an ambiguity or inadequacy in the law or a set of rules

a loophole

(of income, profit, or interest) without tax or other contributions having been deducted

gross

the part of you that judges how moral your own actions are and makes you feel guilty about bad things that you have done or things you feel responsible for

guilty conscience

to stop keeping a record of time, or stop being certain that you know or remember what has happened

to lose track of time

... can be used to show that sth happens soon after, and often because of, sth else

on/upon + verb

in accordance with the rules and regulations

within the law

a situation that someone cannot change or control

beyond sb's control

different from; not similar to. dissimilar or different from each other.

unlike

wystrzelić, oszustwo, a szumowiny, tor, ciężarówka (wymowa)

launch, scam, scum, track, truck

Mogli zapobiec katastrofie. Mogli zbudować więcej zbiorników retencyjnych przeciwpowodziowych.

They could have prevented the disaster. They could have built more flood retention reservoirs.

(person or place) is friendly, pleasant, and welcomes visitors, showing kindness to guests

hospitable

good at finding ways to solve problems, difficulties

resourceful

to make a short sound with car's part you press to make a warning noise

to honk the horn

sth that is fashionable to do, wear, say, etc for a short period of time; a temporary fashion; a craze, interest or activity that (some) people follow enthusiastically, but lasts for a short period of time

a fad

the speed at which someone or something moves or does sth

pace

a device containing a mechanical fan that hangs above the stove or cooktop in the kitchen

a hood

not made or working correctly

faulty

when you want to say that sth is a person's approval of and liking for particular things' recognize what is good or suitable, especially relating to such matters as art, style, beauty, and behaviour:

it’s a matter of taste

not able to be trusted

untrustworthy

without difficulty, readily

with ease

almost certainly

in all likelihood

singing or playing notes that are at the wrong pitch (= level) or that do not agree with others being sung or played

(to sing) out of tune

to think that sth is true, especially when it is not

to be under the impression

in every case, or for certain; used to tell someone that they must do sth; If you do sth ..., you always do it

without fail

very near to doing or experiencing sth; If you are on the ... of sth or come to the ... of something, you are very close to experiencing it

on the verge of sth (eg. disaster)

for a long time, in details

(to talk) at length (about sth)

used when describing someone's character, job, etc.

by nature

If something happens ..., it happens without most people knowing about it, especially when something else is happening publicly

behind the scenes

to make someone or yourself familiar with sth

to get acquainted with sth

to do something that you do not want to do because you cannot find any other way of achieving sth; to do or use something because it is the only thing available

to resort to sth

dispute or bargain persistently, especially over the cost of sth

to haggle over/about sth

allow oneself to enjoy the pleasure of

to indulge in sth

force (something unwelcome or unfamiliar) to be accepted or put in place

to impose sth on

lacking something that is needed to live the way most people live; not having the things that are necessary for a pleasant life, such as enough money, food, or good living conditions

deprived of sth

worry (someone); make anxious

to concern sb about sth

relate to; be about

to concern with sth

stop oneself from doing sth

to refrain sb from sth

more than a particular amount or level (idiom)

above and beyond sth

happening or existing only some of the time (idiom)

on and off

completely (idiom)

through and through

when everything about a situation is considered together (idiom)

by and large

moving first in one direction and then in the opposite one (idiom)

back and forth

active; doing the things you usually do (idiom)

out and about

in addition to (idiom)

over and above

to become unconscious for a short time, for example when ill, badly hurt, or drunk

to pass out

a car with the engine that produces energy by burning fuel within itself

an ICE car (internal combustion engine)

to fill a vehicle's fuel container with fuel; to put fuel in a vehicle

to fill up/gas up

a style, activity, or interest that is very popular for a short period of time

a passing fad

a place through which you have to go to get to a particular area; a way of achieving sth

a gateway

to force someone or something to go somewhere or do sth

to drive

to decide that a particular person or thing will not be useful, important, or successful:

to write sb/sth off

(of a plan or machine) so simple and easy to understand that it is unable to go wrong or be used wrongly

foolproof

to keep asking for help when you do not need it, with the result that people think you do not need help when you really need it

cry wolf

a person who puts in, checks, and repairs electrical wires and electrical equipment

an electrician

to bring your eyebrows together so that there are lines on your face above your eyes, often while turning the corners of your mouth downwards, showing that you are annoyed, worried, sad, or thinking hard

to frown

the shape of a bone, a shell, or a plant or animal that has been preserved in rock for a very long period

fossil

to do or be better or more than something else

to surpass

the colored, circular part of an eye surrounding the black pupil (= central part)

an iris

the circular black area in the centre of an eye, through which light enters

a pupil

the careful watching of a person or place, especially by the police or army, because of a crime that has happened or is expected

surveillance

sharp, clear (image)

crisp

having or seeming to have unlimited knowledge

omniscient

unable to see clearly

blurred, low-resolution, pixelated

a person whose job is to arrange the sale, renting or management of homes, land and buildings for the owners, and who is a member of the National Association of Realtors

a realtor

to say that sth is not true

to deny

to say firmly or demand forcefully, especially when others disagree with or oppose what you say:

to insist

a strong wish, especially one that is difficult or impossible to control

to urge

to warn someone

to caution

Dzwonię do niego od czerwca.

I’ve been calling him since June.

a very small insect

the bug and its smell

a set of animals or plants in which the members have similar characteristics to each other and can breed with each other

one species, two species

Jestem tu od dwóch miesięcy.

I’ve been here for two months.

to stop doing something or leave a job or a place:

quit – quit – quit

to persuade someone or make someone certain

to convince sb to do sth

to say firmly or demand forcefully, especially when others disagree with or oppose what you say

to insist on doing sth

to praise someone and say that you approve of or are pleased about a special or unusual achievement

to congratulate sb on doing sth

to say that someone has done something morally wrong, illegal, or unkind

to accuse sb of doing sth

to mention an idea, possible plan, or action for other people to consider

to suggest doing sth/that sb should do sth

to suggest that someone or something would be good or suitable for a particular job or purpose, or to suggest that a particular action should be done

to recommend doing sth

to say that something is not true; to refuse to permit or allow someone to do something

to deny doing sth

much too large (about prices, demands)

exorbitant

extremely boring

mind-numbing

to allow saliva (= liquid in the mouth) to flow out of your mouth

to drool

pressing lips together to avoid showing anger, or is refusing to speak about something

tight-lipped

very quickly

all of a sudden

to listen to someone's private conversation from close by without them knowing

to eavesdrop

very similar, especially in appearance

like two peas in a pod

Pronunciation

fan vs. fans vs. fence

2/5

two fifths

Anxiety, worry vs Sadness, frustration vs Annoyance, anger

nervous vs. upset vs. irritated

a person who is blamed for something that someone else has done

a scapegoat

someone who does not live in their own country

an expat (expatriate)

very unpleasant or serious or of low quality (4 words)

dreadful, appalling, horrendous, terrible

very good (4 words)

amazing, awesome, terrific, wonderful

causing extreme physical or mental pain

agonizing

extremely or unpleasantly dirty

filthy

looks as if it will taste good

mouthwatering

having no money

penniless

extremely clean

spotless

extremely happy

ecstatic

dying because of not having enough food

starving

weak and unable to think clearly or walk correctly, usually because of tiredness or illness

groggy

n, of, or like the countryside

rural

to reach a particular level and then stay the same

plateau

a sudden and great increase

surge

to become gradually narrower at one end; to become gradually smaller or weaker, or happen less often

to taper off

to have reached the lowest point in a continuously changing situation and to be about to improve

to bottom out

to go down to a lower level

dip

in a sudden, unexpected, and sometimes unpleasant way

abruptly

in a way that becomes quicker and quicker as something that increases becomes larger

exponentially

to a large degree

substantially

in a way that does not happen regularly or continuously; in a way that stops and starts repeatedly or with periods in between

intermittently

the ability of something to produce the intended result:

efficacy

having or producing happy and enjoyable feelings suitable for a festival or other special occasion

festive

a person who has the power to cure ill people without using ordinary medicines

healer

a person who dishonestly pretends to have medical skills or knowledge; to make the usual sound of a duck

quack

of bad quality or in bad taste:

cheesy

a special container that keeps drinks hot or cold

a flask

to end an official organization or a legal arrangement; (of a solid) to be absorbed by a liquid, especially when mixed, or (of a liquid) to absorb a solid

to dissolve

to show no sign of surprise or worry when something unexpected happens

not bat an eye

kind and helpful

considerate

a person's husband or wife

a spouse

If a suggestion or warning ..., no one listens to it:

to fall on deaf ears

the main reason why something happens

root cause

to decide or say officially that something is impossible or will not happen, or that something or someone is not suitable; to stop considering something as a possibility

to rule out

to discover why something does not work effectively and help to improve it

to troubleshoot

sth that happens that delays or prevents a process from developing:

a setback

a small safety part in an electrical device or piece of machinery that causes it to stop working if the electric current is too high, and so prevents fires or other dangers

a fuse

the work needed to keep a road, building, machine, etc. in good condition

maintenance

earning more money than you spend

in the black

spending more money than you earn

in the red

used to mean that if you are determined enough, you can find a way to achieve what you want, even if it is very difficult

where there’s a will, there’s a way

to become extremely angry or to lose control of yourself from surprise or shock

to flip out

too serious and full of importance

pompous

I can't understand it, it doesn't fit in my head

can’t wrap my head around sth

from the knowledge you have in your memory

off the top of my head

to divide something into smaller parts

to break sth down

Kto zjadł jego kanapkę? (pytanie o podmiot) Co on zjadł? (pytanie o przedmiot)

Who ate his sandwich? (NO did) What did he eat? (question about the object)